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Breast cancer - women's awareness of secondary prevention options
Košáková, Dominika ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is breast cancer, which is one of the most common cancers in women from the Czech Republic. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part was focused on the description of the issues related to breast cancer. Initially, it guides the reader through the anatomy and development of the female breast. The following chapters then introduce the reader to the different types of breast disease, either benign or malignant. Risk factors, symptoms of the disease, and current methods of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are also described. The last chapter elaborates on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of breast cancer. In the practical part, two main objectives have been set. The first was to find out what is the awareness of women about secondary prevention and the second was to find out whether women are actively involved in it. These two objectives were further explored through nine sub-objectives. The research investigation was carried out using an anonymous, quantitative questionnaire survey conducted at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague. Data collection at the clinic took place from 1 November 2022 to 31 March 2023 and was carried out using a...
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Breast cancer in women.
STAŇKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of breast cancer in women. The work consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis first describes the anatomy of the whole breast, symptoms and causes of breast cancer. Not only the diagnosis of the tumor itself, but also the treatment of breast cancer is described in detail. An important point of this part is the education of women midwives about breast cancer, especially in the prevention of this disease. The practical part describes a quantitative research survey. The aim of the work was to find out the awareness of women about breast cancer. Another goal was to find out from what sources women find information about breast cancer and the prevention of this disease. Two hypotheses were established for these purposes. The first hypothesis was: Older women have more knowledge about breast cancer than younger women. This hypothesis has not been confirmed. The second hypothesis was established: Women with higher education perform breast self-examination compared to women with lower education. This hypothesis was also not confirmed. Data collection took place using an online questionnaire, which was completely anonymous. The questionnaire consisted of open, closed and semi-open questions. The research group consisted of 300 women active on the social network Facebook and other Internet servers aged 15 - 75 years. Most women responded between 15 and 24 years. The data were processed together with graphical and tabular evaluation thanks to Microsoft Excel 2007. Furthermore, the data were statistically evaluated using the chi square test and Student's T-test. Graphs and tables were prepared from the resulting answers, which show the answers of the respondents. The research found that women are informed about breast cancer. The most common source of information about breast cancer was the Internet, which was mentioned 163 times. The respondents were divided into two groups according to their age, the younger and older group, where the younger group consisted of women aged 15-44 and the older group consisted of women aged 45-75. Although there were a total of 248 younger women (82.7%) and 52 older women (17.3%), age did not appear to affect knowledge about the disease, so this hypothesis 1 was not confirmed by a statistical test. The research also showed that 196 (67.4%) respondents perform breast self-examination. Of these, 84 are women aged 15-24. On the other hand, 95 (32.6%) respondents do not perform breast self-examination, of which 56 women are also aged 15-24. The concept of breast self-examination is known to 291 (97%) women out of 300 (100%) women and once a month 89 (45%) women perform this self-examination of the breast. A total of 180 (91.84%) women have the impression that they perform this examination correctly. For example, 291 (97%) women knew that mammography was an X-ray method designed to show breasts, and 213 (71%) women knew that it was examined by an insurance company from the age of 45. It will be possible to publish the results of the bachelor's thesis at professional lectures or seminars.
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Mammary diagnostics - attitude and awareness of women
HRBKOVÁ, Jana
Over 7000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year, which makes it the most common malignant disease in women in the Czech republic. Despite its constantly increasing incidence, mortality rates are stagnating and recently these rates even have tended to decrease slightly. The most common methods used for breast examination are mammography and ultrasonography. Nationwide breast cancer screening programme was launched in the Czech republic in 2002. This screening helps to detect cancer at an early stage. Mammography screening is covered by public health insurance for all women over the age of 45 once per two years. Breast self-exam is also a big part of secondary prevention. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to analyze breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic awareness of women over the age of 18. In order to collect necessary data for my thesis a questionnaire survey was conducted. The electronic survey, which I created on website www.vyplnto.cz, was filled in by 533 female respondents. All the results of the survey were displayed in pie charts. Questions no. 10-23, which were focused on awareness, were also displayed in bar charts. These bar charts show the percentage of correct answers by age category. Thanks to the data from the survey I was able to answer research questions. In the first research question, I asked which age group has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic; in the second research question, I wanted to know if more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination. I evaluated that the oldest age group, i.e. respondents over the age of 65, has the least awareness of breast cancer prevention and mammary diagnostic. The survey also revealed that more than 50 % of interviewed women perform breast self-examination.
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Increasing the literacy of girls and women to prevent breast cancer.
JEDLIČKOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with the prevention of breast cancer. It focuses especially on primary and secondary prevention of this disease. The aim of the work was to map the literacy of women and girls in the field of breast cancer prevention and subsequently to increase awareness of this prevention. To achieve these goals the empirical part of this bachelor thesis was elaborated with a qualitative research, for which the technique of in-depth interview with women and girls from 15 to 55 years not suffering from this disease was chosen. Obtained information was analyzed and categorized. The research showed what women and girls know about primary and secondary prevention. Women and girls consider genetic predisposition and stress to be the most important risk factors for cancer development in the mammary gland. The reason why interviewed women and girls are interested in a healthy lifestyle is not a disease prevention, but rather an appearance. Another finding was that only one woman carries out breast self-examination according to the correct procedure. Women and girls often reported that they were not taught by a doctor or nurse. In addition, many respondents did not even know that they had the possibility of genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations or that contributions to secondary breast cancer prevention were provided. A part of the research was a method of a true experiment where women and girls were given information about breast cancer prevention and illustration of self-examination. The results of the interviews after this experiment revealed that more than half of the respondents did not change their attitude, which may be for example due to age when young women and girls are not so interested in this issue. It is necessary to inform or educate the general public in the right way and to have pedagogical and professional knowledge in the field and to approach the public with a friendly atmosphere.
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Women awareness of breast cancer prevention
Červinková, Barbora ; Di Cara, Veronika (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
Prevention of breast cancer using the form of mammographic screening is one of the most important factors involved in early diagnosis and reduction of mortality with this type of cancer, which is the most frequently occurring cancer in women in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to investigate the previous use of screening and preventative measures by women who subsequently were diagnosed by breast cancer. The survey was conducted through a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire survey of 166 randomly selected patients attending an outpatient clinic for patients with breast CA. Main hypotheses of bachelor thesis: 1) More than 50% of the women tested were informed of the recommendation to regularly take part in screening examinations carried out as a part of the breast cancer screening (mammography examination). 2) More than 50% of the females tested regularly (repeatedly) participated in screening examination carried out as a part of the breast cancer screening (mammography examination). 3) More than 50% of the females tested underwent breast examination outside of the breast screening (sonography). 4) More than 50% of the tested females from the group regularly performed self- examination of the breasts (palpation examination). The established hypotheses were not met. However, the result is...
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Breast cancer prevention.
Svobodová, Karolína ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Strnadová, Alice (referee)
The theme of this thesis is Breast cancer prevention, specifically focusing on breast self- examination. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with breast anatomy, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. A substantial part of the thesis is concerned with prevention, which introduces women with breast self- examination in the next chapter. The empirical part is implemented by means of a questionnaire survey. Group of respondents consisted of 92 women. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether women are aware of breast self-examination methodology, whether they perform self- examination or not. And if they do not, then what is the reason. Finally, the thesis find out where women got information about metodology of breast self-examination from. Importance of the thesis lies in obtaining information about breast cancer flexible and promotion of knowledge of prevention. First of all it should motivate women to take care of themselves.
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Nursing care of woman with breast cancer
MOJŽÍŠOVÁ, Šárka
Breast cancer is one of the most common tumor diseases in women, and the main cause of death in our country. In most cases, it affects women in productive age. Up to six thousand women die from this insidious disease. The most common method of an early carcinoma detection is breast self-examination, mammographic examination and preventive gynaecologist examinations. The aim of this thesis was to find out what knowledge women have about breast cancer, and to find out how informed they were when released for home care, and to find out how their lives changed after breast surgery. Four research questions were determined to accompany the aims. What knowledge about breast cancer did the women have before the disease? In what areas do nurses inform the women when releasing them for home care? What did the disease give the women and what did it take from them? Processing the bachelor thesis used a qualitative research and data collecting was done via a semi-structured interview with patients who had gone through breast cancer. The research results have proven that the women´s knowledge about breast cancer before the disease is minimal, nevertheless, every patient did know the disease existed and it was dangerous. But most women admitted they were not deeply interested in this disease, nor did they admit they could become ill. Further on, it was found out that information given during home-care release is various and in most cases the patients did not receive all significant information they should have received. Further on, the research found out that after the surgery, all patients did notice significant changes in their lives, especially in diet and greater fatigue, on which almost all agreed. The outcome of the bachelor thesis is a lecture suggestion (Appendix No.4.) focused on the importance of breast self-examination and the correct technique, which might be offered to support groups.
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Level of prevention tumors in breasts in the Strakonice region
NEDVĚDOVÁ, Jana
The number of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer is about seven thousand annually, which means slightly increased incidence. The causes of this disease are not quite clear. What is known, however, are the risk factors. Primary prevention focuses mainly on the suppression or elimination of risk factors. Secondary prevention aims at diagnosing the cancer at an early clinical stage, which enables more efficient treatment. The first preventive mammographic screening was introduced in the Czech Republic in 2002. It is a preventive examination of mammary glands by means of Mammogram, which is covered by health insurance for all women over the age of 45 once in two years. The survey on the level of prevention of breast cancer in the region of Strakonice was conducted by means of a questionnaire which was distributed among the patients of general practitioners in the selected towns and districts. The objective of the paper was to find out whether the women in the Strakonice region are informed of the risk factors of the disease. Another topic addressed was the breast self-examination. Women under 45 depend purely on it, as they are not entitled to free screening covered by health insurance. Women have been found to carry out breast self-examination quite rarely, and therefore, it would be beneficial to familiarize these women with the self-examination technique via general practitioners, gynecologists, or through the media. Self-examination should be commonly conducted by every woman over 20. Another goal of the paper was to find out what experience women had with imaging screening technologies in mammography, especially whether women over 45 undergo regular preventive mammographic screening. Also, how accessible such an examination is in the Strakonice region. At present, there are only three mammography centers in the South Bohemia region, none of which is in Strakonice. It was found that 82% of respondents over 45 take part in the screening program, and 78% of them would appreciate if a mammography center were established in Strakonice.
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The role of a nurse at coping with a technique of breast self-exam
ŠOJSLOVÁ, Dana
The aim of this study was to determine how nurses and women - non-health workers managed a breast self-examination technique and a range of educational activities of nurses in breast self-examination issue. Using four determined hypotheses the knowledge about breast cancer itself, as well as knowledge about breast self-examination techniques and education of nurses from different workplaces were studied. A quantitative survey by means of questionnaires was performed. The first questionnaire with 21 questions was for women - non-health workers, which were predominantly from České Budějovice, from offices, schools, students, friends and relatives. The second questionnaire was for nurses with 20 questions. The nurses who participated in the survey were employees of the various wards of the hospitals in České Budějovice, Tábor, Český Krumlov, Strakonice and from physicians{\crq} offices. In the theoretical part of this work the importance of the theme of ``breast disease{\crqq} was reiterated due to the fact that in our country the most common malignancy of women was breast cancer. The growing number of newly diagnosed breast cancer per year worldwide is alarming. The breast self-examination shall help especially women under 45 years of age in the detection of breast pathology. Each woman should be familiar with prevention and risk factors that contribute to breast diseases. The results of the survey show that women - non-health workers demonstrate sufficient knowledge in matters of what the breast self-examination is, the time intervals of the self-examination and what position for the self-examination to choose. Only half of all surveyed women knew in which period of the menstrual cycle it was appropriate to carry out the self-examination and, surprisingly, there was a lack of knowledge in question "In what difficulties should you visit the doctor." The inquiry has shown that most women have never been asked to carry out the breast self-examination by their doctor. The questionnaire survey of nurses showed that breast disease was still topical issue for them, and their knowledge about the breast self-examination was sufficient. Most of the surveyed nurses have never educated their patients even participated in a workshop on the self-examination and breast diseases in the past five years.
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