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Lakatioin and increased physical activity after childbirth
VYŽRALOVÁ, Tereza
The puerperium period is a very sensitive period. A woman has to familiarize herself with her new role as a mother. During the post-natal period the woman's body is returning to the same condition as it was before giving birth. After the birth a woman has to adapt to new situations and learn a lot, especially if she is a first-time mother. The Bachelor´s Thesis develops the topic of "Breastfeeding and increased physical activity after childbirth". The Thesis is divided into 2 parts. The first part consists of theory and the second part describes the research. The theoretical part is focused on the breast anatomy, physiology of lactation, principles of successful breastfeeding and a variety of sports activities listed below, i.e. sports activities recommended and non-recommended after the postpartum period, the benefits of increased physical activity after childbirth and physical changes during pregnancy. The research part of the Bachelor´s Thesis focuses on the frequency and type of physical activity women do after giving birth. The author also monitored whether the women exercised during pregnancy, and if so, under which circumstances. The research also examined whether the women were breastfeeding or not, whether they had any problems with breastfeeding or their breasts, and investigated how the women breastfed while exercising, or whether they limited one activity at the expense of the other. The Thesis focused on one goal, which was to determine the effect of the increased physical activity had on breastfeeding. The designated research questions were as follows: "Which physical activity do women do after giving birth? How often do women exercise after giving birth? How did the physical activity impact breastfeeding? How long did/do women breastfeed?" The research was conducted by using a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews to be able to ask a woman supplementary questions beyond the established structure. The empirical part was performed from January to March 2017. One research sample consisted of 10 respondents. The interviews with respondents were conducted through Skype. The individual data were captured in writing or by using audio recording depending on the respondent´s approval. The data gathered were transcribed in the form of standard Czech. When interpreting the data, the direct respondents´ quotes were used. As emerged from the research part, the women who are very actively engaged in sports, do not have to reduce breastfeeding due to sports activities. All of the respondents did not restrict breastfeeding and nursed the children according to their children´s needs. Some women encountered some breast problems, such as mastitis and retention. The problem, however, may not have been caused by physical activity, since the problem occurred during the period when the women did not exercise. Some women encountered difficulties when exercising, but they did not stop breastfeeding. They solved the breast problems by using various methods, natural and medical, and continued successfully with breastfeeding. During the study, none of the women mentioned to have had any issues with the child s rejecting breast milk immediately after any increased physical activity. The research study suggests that it is possible to breastfeed and do increase physical activity after childbirth. Women should therefore be informed about this fact by their midwife. It is important that women do not reduce breastfeeding at the expense of physical activity. This fact was not proved in the research part. The conclusion proves that womenafter childbirth do not limit breastfeeding at the expense of their leisure time activities because breast milk is the best food for new-borns. The bachelor thesis can be used to improve awareness of postpartum women who are involved in increased physical activity (fitness).
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The history and the present of breastfeeding from a perspective of midwifes
KAŠPAROVÁ, Dominika
From time immemorial, it is known that breastfeeding is the best and most balanced diet that a mother can give her child. Breast milk is irreplaceable mainly because of its composition, which exactly follows the needs of the child at different sessions of its life. Thanks to breastfeeding, the mother and her baby have a relationship that has been developing since the first few minutes after its birth. During breastfeeding, the baby gets a sense of security and love because it is close to his mother. This relationship was not built in earlier times because breastfeeding was the task of wet nurses. Only few women had breastfed their own child. Therefore, a close relationship between the wet nurse and the breastfed child has emerged very frequently. Over time, breastfeeding came to the forefront and more and more women were breastfeeding their children. Breastfeeding was even taken as the most precious gift and ability of each mother, sometimes even as a duty. Today, breastfeeding is supported by both society and healthcare professionals. Thanks to this promotion and support, the number of breast-feeding women is still increasing, on the other hand there are so many women who do not want to breastfeed, so it is important to spread this promotion to society's awareness and thus to fight against the artificial nutrition manufacturers which are and will be on the market. The bachelor thesis is elaborated as theoretical-historical. By analyzing the documents, we have studied the development of breastfeeding from history to the present. In the first chapter of the bachelor thesis, the anatomy of the breast and mammary gland, lactation physiology and the composition of breast milk are theoretically described. In the next chapter, we have approached the profession of midwife and her position in breastfeeding. The third one describes the development of breastfeeding from the Stone Age to the 20th Century. In the last fourth chapter we dealt with breastfeeding at present.
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We grew up on Sunar-mark. communication in the area of infant formula
Fišer, Ondřej ; Hejlová, Denisa (advisor) ; Halada, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis We grew up on Sunar - marketing communication in the area of infant formula examines the issue of advertising infant formula, with special focus on the communication of the brand Sunar. A brief outline of the history of breastfeeding and development of artificial infant formula, offering a comprehensive insight into the subject matter, is followed by a case study of the Nestlé company. This case brought on significant changes in the perception of the issue of infant feeding marketing as well as in the regulations limiting greatly the options of marketing communication in this segment. Important legislation is briefly introduced. The work then presents a concise history of the Hero company and its brand Sunar and in detail analyzes and describes individual elements used in selected samples of advertising; these are placed in a larger social and historical context and confronted on the basis of common marketing communication theories. The work also mentions the most significant non-governmental breastfeeding organizations and their activities. The aim of this work is to explore the communication of the brand Sunar resulting from the consumer perception of the brand and to sum up the facts from the area of communication strategies of infant and child nutrition companies.
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Feeding strategies for premature infants (24th-34th gestational week) on discharge from the hospital.
GAZDOVÁ, Zdenka
According to the experts, the breastfeeding support and education of mothers in the Czech Republic is insuficient. There is declining number of children who are brestfed exclusively to six months of life, premature babies posing even greater problem in this matter. Much of this problematic trend resides in the lack of support for mothers. A major problem in the Czech Republic is the fact that there are still a few maternity hospitals which are arranged so that mothers can be with their babies immediately after birth, especially if we talk about preterm newborns. Breastfeeding is the most important way to ensure the healthiest nutritional needs of an infant. It allows not only nutrition, but also feeling of safety and security, which is very important in proper development of the child. Furthermore, the breastfeeding contributes to the creation of solid emotional relationship between mother and child. Among other things, breastfeeding is undoubtedly the cheapest possible child nutrition. Goal of this thesis is to draw attention to a small number of premature babies, who are fully breastfed at discharge from the hospital leading to many negative consequences such as reduced immunity, psychosocial issues, et cetera. In our opinion, the problem is caused by lack of time, excessive workload of nurses and doctors' little initiative. Through this thesis we would like to draw attention to current knowledge and information about the breastfeeding preterm infants in perinatal centers. We also mapped the number of premature babies fully breastfed at discharge from hospital and identified through research the causes of low prevalence of breastfeeding these children. Another objective was to map the knowledge and skills of nurses in practice, to determine the connection between these skills and the difference in diet between compared hospitals. Finally, we propose solutions to the identifed shortcomings. The theoretical part processed characteristics of a premature baby, anatomy and physiology of breastfeeding and its benefits for the child, proper breastfeeding technique, the importance of nurses in the management of breastfeeding and activities to promote breastfeeding in the Czech Republic and in the world. In the empirical part we used qualitative and quantitative research. We collected data in three randomly selected perinatal centers in the Czech Republic during the fourth quarter of 2012. The stated objectives of the study were processed using a questionnaire, content analysis of documents and methodology and regression trees. The research showed that all of the top centers have similar level of child care. However, there are significant differences in nutrition and ways of feeding the children and nursing care. The study showed that child nutrition at discharge from hospital is different, and this may have an impact on the later development of the child, as evidenced by other studies. Differences in nursing care most relevant to the proper and effective education of the mothers, which both can be observed from the investigation, have the greatest impact on the type of diet at the end of the hospitalization of the infant.
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Formula in infancy - composition, indication
BOČKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Formula is an artificial milk nutrition which is possible to use if the child is not breast-fed and in this case it can substitute the breast milk. It is important to realize that breast milk is still the "gold standard" of infant nutrition and the formula is "merely" substitute and that means breast milk cannot be adequately replace. My bachelor thesis is on the topic of Formula in infancy - the composition and indications. Therefore I focused not only on the formula itself, but also on the natural nutrition of infants as breast milk. I divided the theoretical part of the thesis into three main areas - breastfeeding, daily nutritional regime and the formula in infancy. I dealt with the composition of artificial milk formulas in my research. I compared breastfeeding with formulas from the perspective of mothers and I took an interest in reasons for the use of the artificial milk formulas and in brands which were tested by respondents. I also tried to find out if the mothers were enough informed about infant feeding. I used two methods of qualitative research - a content analysis and technique of semi-structured interviews. I had set four goals: The first was to compare formulas for infants on the Czech market, the second was to compare satisfaction of breastfeeding and non breastfeeding mothers with theinfant feeding method. The third was to identify the reasons for the use of formulas and find out which formulas women use. The fourth was to make a discovery if women are informed about the ways and possibilities of the infant feeding. Meanwhile I was dealing with research question number one, specifically if the composition of the individual formulas meets the requirements of Directive 2006/141/EC of the EU Commission I found that not all values are identical to legislation. At least it should be explored if the ingredients which are not equivalent to the approved amount could be harmful to child's health. I couldn?t answer the second question on the basis of composition of the artificial milk nutrition. So I assessed the quality of the offered range of brands on the Czech market from the theoretical part. Nutrilon has become the best brand according to this comparison. The question number three was if the women are more satisfied with breastfeeding or with the use of artificial milk formulas. I was comparing the experiences of breastfeeding and non breastfeeding mothers using the infant nutrition and I found out that nursing mothers are happier, despite the difficulties which accompany the mother during lactation. Also I found out that the reasons for the use of formulas were different in the group of respondents, as well as individual brands of the infant milks. Any mother has never tried alternative soy, goat or sheep milk. They followed the expert's advice and had never thought about these alternatives. I can agree with that and I don?t think this milk could be appropriate infant feeding. The last research question was focused on the respondent's knowledge of infant feeding. All respondents got education from the medical staff of the hospital, but some of them weren?t satisfied with the quality. Some mothers met with a lack of information at the pharmacist and general practice. It is important that the management of the device should lay stress on the proper education because quality child care is based on high-quality information. The results of my bachelor thesis should be like a subject to further detailed investigation and documentation which highlights the need of improvement of the quality information from experts.
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Actual genuine realization of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in hospital and terrain
KREZLOVÁ, Lucie
Breast milk is one of the most precious gift that can mother give to her child. Therefore the mother's best choice is to breast-feed her child. It is very important to properly instruct the mothers to understand all advantages of breast-feeding and it's correct technique. Such a comprehensive information can be communicated only through precise methodical guidance during prenatal and postnatal period. The birth assistant represents significantly this field of activity for his/her imminent contact with mothers. He/she takes care of mother's and child's needs and realizes this care via nursing process. The thesis is focused on methodical recommendations which should support breast-feeding of carried to term newborns. First target of this thesis was to ascertain if the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding are implemented in the hospitals. Second target was to find out if the mothers are enabled to breast-feed their childern for the first time within an hour from delivery. Third target was to find out if the 10 steps for successful breast-feeding are also implemented in field. Fourth target was to find out how is the field education of mothers, concerning the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding, provided. There were following hypothesis determined: H1 - Genuine implementaiton of 10 steps for successful breast-feeding in hospitals corresponds with methodical recommendation as per WHO/UNICEF. H2 - Mothers are enabled to breast-feed their childern for the first time within an hour from delivery. Both theories have been confirmed through research.There were also asked following research questions:VO1 - Does the genuine implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in field correspond with methodical recommendations as per WHO/UNICEF? VO2 - What is the mother's opinion of implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding in field? The quantitative research part was processed via questionnaires focused on mothers after delivery during they stay at Gynaecological-Obstetrical clinic of College hospital in Pilsen. For qualitative research part of the thesis was chosen a structured field conversation with mothers who were 6 months after delivery. The results of the research show that the 10 steps to successful breast-feeding is implemented indeed both in hospital and field. Mothers are allowed to breast-feed their childern within an hour from delivery. If the first breast-feeding hadn't been performed until one hour from delivery, mothers have been adquately informed how to stimulate and maintan lactation. Respondents in field declared that they were educated by nurse and pediatrician. All respondents in field coincident with opinion that implementation of 10 steps to successful breast-feeding is on high level. Results of reasearch may be a benefit and motivation for work of nursing personell of puerperium ward and rooming. Results may contribute to increase the quality of nursering care of breast-feeding mothers and newborns. In field can be results of the research used to increase the quality of mothers's training in breast-feeding both in pregnancy counsellings and prenatal courses. On the basis of this thesis results will be composed simple comprehensive manual, leaflet or web page which can be at mother's disposal by their attending gynaecologist, outpatient's department of maternity hospital, puerperium ward or at home via internet.
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Národní inventura persistentních organických polutantů v České republice: Kontaminace potravin, hodnocení duetární expozice, kontaminace populace
Recetox - Tocoen and Associates, Brno ; Černá, Milena ; Ruprich, Jiří ; Drápal, Jiří ; Holoubek, Ivan
Uvedení vývoje monitorování výskytu POPs v České republice od 80. let. Zhodnocení výskytu POPs ve vybraných veterinárních komoditách je následováno popisem systému kontrol cizorodých látek v potravinách v letech 2001 a 2002. Podrobný popis možné dietární expozice s vyhodnocením expozice jednotlivými látkami, uvedením významných expozičních zdrojů, charakteristikou rizika a závěry pro řízení zdravotních rizik je uveden pro polychlorované bifenyly, dioxiny, dibenzofurany a PCBs s dioxionovým efektem, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor, endosulfan, heptachlor epoxid, hexachlorbenzen (HCB), hexachlorocyklohexany (HCHs), lindan, DDTs a polyaromatické uhlovodíky. Jsou uvedeny výsledky biologického monitoringu, který sleduje zatížení české populace persistentními organickými látkami.
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Nurses´ Influence on Regimen of Breast-Feeding Mothers
HARANTOVÁ, Klára
Abstract Breastfeeding has been given a close attention in the last decade so the awareness of nursing mothers and health care staff seem to be sufficient. However, latest surveys have disclosed the necessity of further education of both groups and the need to cooperate closely. This Bachelor work is focused on healthy diet of nursing mothers as well as the impact of education and midwives´ behaviour towards the mothers on making healthy food choices while breastfeeding. The aim of this work was to find out the ways of nursing mothers´ nutrition and to map the benefits of education centred on healthy diet. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The first one deals with historical views of postpartum and lactation periods, the trends in nursing mothers´ nutrition, the education provided by midwives and lactation consultancy. The latter part analyses survey information. A quantitative research technique, an anonymous questionnaire, was used for getting required information. There were 128 questionnaires given to respondents and 103 of them were brought back. The survey was carried out in the paediatric consulting rooms in Strakonice, Volyně and an obstetric department in Strakonice. The findings confirmed the hypothesis that nursing mothers maintain healthy diet while breastfeeding, mostly thanks to information provided by midwives. The findings of the research survey, as a source of appropriate information, could be afforded to midwives of in-patient and out-patient departments so that the education of nursing mothers can be spread and improved.
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Brestfeeding and its most frequent problems
SOUKUPOVÁ, Simona
The undergraduate thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and contains overview of current knowledge concerning breastfeeding; the other part presents the survey. In the theoretical part, most frequent problems related to breastfeeding are outlined and correct breastfeeding technique described, which is important for the prevention of these problems. Also other aspects related to breastfeeding are described, such as positions, regimen of a breastfeeding woman etc. The first objective was to find out whether women get enough information about breastfeeding from the prenatal care. The second objective was to find out whether the nursing staff educates women on correct breastfeeding techniques in the postnatal ward. The third objective was to ascertain the most frequent problems related to breastfeeding in women in the postnatal ward, and the last objective was to find out whether breastfeeding women know how to resolve difficulties with breastfeeding. The first hypothesis was that women get information during the prenatal care. The second hypothesis was that nursing staff instructs women on correct breastfeeding techniques. The third hypothesis was that the most frequent problem in breastfeeding is sore and cracked nipples. The last hypothesis was that women are aware of solutions of their problems while in the postnatal ward. All the objectives were met. The survey showed that women were informed about breastfeeding during the prenatal care. They get most information from journals, books and internet. Some of them attended the breastfeeding course and others were instructed by medical staff. Thus the first hypothesis, that women get information during the prenatal care, was confirmed. The second objective was to find out whether the nursing staff educates women on correct breastfeeding techniques in the postnatal ward. The survey proved that women were educated in this way and the staff instructed them on steps leading to successful breastfeeding. The results confirmed the second hypothesis, that nursing staff instructs women on correct breastfeeding techniques. The third objective was to ascertain the most frequent problems with breastfeeding in women in the postnatal ward. The most serious problem ascertained was painful swelling of breasts. The third hypothesis, that the most frequent problem in breastfeeding is sore and cracked nipples, thus was not confirmed. Ascertaining the scope of women{\crq}s knowledge on ways to solve difficulties in breastfeeding was the fourth objective. It was proved that women have sufficient knowledge leading to the removal of a potential problem, and thus the fourth hypothesis, that women are aware of solutions of their breastfeeding problems while in the postnatal ward, was confirmed. In order to verify the hypotheses and fulfill the objectives the quantitative research was used in the form of anonymous questionnaires. We handed out 127 questionnaires, of which 112 returned to us. The survey was implemented in Thomayer University Hospital in Prague, which has been the holder of Baby Friendly Hospital certificate since 1993. The survey results could be used as a source of information for timely education on the most frequent problems in breastfeeding aimed at their prevention and at the same time serve as an information source for the improvement of nursing care. More attention should be paid to the issues of breastfeeding, as these are problems, which may make mothers{\crq} most beautiful period of life more difficult.
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Nursing care and nourishment of premature baby
LONGÍNOVÁ, Ilona
NURSING CARE AND NOURISHMENT OF PREMATURE BABY A newborn baby isn´t a little adult, a newborn baby is basically a defenceless creature demanding a very complex care that aims at creating secure conditions for its life. It requires love, tenderness and a lot of devotion for the whole period of 24 hours. The bachelor´ s dissertation paper is dealing with the subject `` Nursing care and nourishment of a premature baby{\crqq} In the theory section the difference between a physiological and high risk newborn baby, the principles of care on the intermediary ward, the nourishment problems and the favourable consequences of breast feeding and breast milk not only on these children are described. Some of the aspects of the care are pointed out aiming at satisfying the basic needs of a baby. Dissertation objective: The paper itself is engaged in finding out something about how well mothers of high risk newborn babies, who are hospitalized on intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice, are informed on a suitable care and nourishment procedures in their children. It should find out how far they have gone with their knowledge of the way their children should be taken care of before they leave the hospital. It is supposed to highlight the drawbacks of the staff , to remove these drawbacks and thus to improve the quality of care. Hypotheses: Two positive hypotheses were formulated referring directly to the particulars goals. 1/ The mothers who are hospitalized on the intermediary wards for newborn babies in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice are aware of the necessity of properly nourishing the child. 2/ The mothers who are hospitalized on the intermediary wards for newborn babies in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice are sufficiently informed about the proper care leading to meeting the needs of their children. Data Collecting: The research mentioned above was carried out on the intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice. A questionnaire was composed to collect the relevant data. There were 22 questionnaires handed out in each ward and the research group was set up including 37 mothers of the hospitalized children. The questions included in the questionnaire referred predominantly to how well the mothers are informed about the child´s care and nourishing problems and they were supplemented with some identification. The gained information was properly processed and evaluated. The results were put in graphs. To get a more distinct picture of the results a pie chart was selected. The research results are assessed in the discussion and confronted with the hypotheses. Conclusions: Both the nourishing care and the nourishment of a premature baby are a subject involving a lot of medical, psychological and social problems. A maternity ward nurse plays a very important and definite role in the care of a premature baby. Supported by her profesonal abilities she is able to initiate such a method of work that reacts immediately to the needs of a child in a positive way. The educational contact with the child´s parents is eqally important and plays a very precise role. The fact how well mothers are informed is influenced by their age, by how much they are interested in getting information and its resources and how much they are willing to be educated by the medical staff on the intermediary wards in Jindřichův Hradec and České Budějovice where they are hospitalized with their children. The research results are very good.
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