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The role of a radiology assistant during a vacuum biopsy
BEDNÁŘOVÁ, Anna
In the Czech Republic, several screening programs are carried out. Mammography screening is a program that has the longest history in the Czech Republic and boasts very good results. The goal of this screening is to find a tumor in the breast that is still intangible and is only a few millimeters in size, and thus to provide the woman with ideal treatment results. The basic method of investigation that is used is mammography screening, after scanning, in case of a questionable finding, it is performed for subsequent examination of the breast by sonography, images with spot compression, CORE-CUT biopsy, vacuum biopsy and very occasionally, if indicated, magnetic resonance imaging. Vacuum biopsy (SVAB) is a breakthrough in the diagnosis of breast tumors. The goal of my bachelor thesis was to find out how often a breast examination is performed using a vacuum biopsy. The bachelor thesis is focused on the role of a radiological assistant in vacuum biopsy. The aim was also to find out the age structure of women and the correlation between malignant and benign findings. For age structures, the goal was also to determine by nonparametric testing the existence of a link to normal distribution. Operationalized hypotheses were formulated to meet the test and correlation objectives. For the bachelor thesis, the data was obtained from the central Medicalc archiving system at the EUC clinic in České Budějovice. Since this method is carried out at the EUC clinic for a short time, the data for the bachelor's thesis was drawn in the range of 2020-2021. By analyzing the data, it was found out that stereotactic vacuum biopsy (SVAB) was performed a total of 118 times during the above-mentioned period. The results showed that the examination of the breast by vacuum biopsy has clear indications. Mostly it is carried out to verify the formed calcifications in the breast, whether these calcifications have a benign origin, or are the beginning of an emerging malignant process. Further, the SVAB is performed to verify lesions that are visible on mammography images and do not have a clear ultrasound colerat, and thus it is impossible to perform a classical CORE-CUT biopsy.
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MR mammography, its principles and contribution in diagnosis of malignant breast disease
PEJČOCHOVÁ, Eliška
Magnetic resonance imaging is a relatively new technology used for breast examination; however, mammography or ultrasound are the most commnly used screening methods. Unlike mammography and ultrasound, MRI provides not only morphological but also functional data and therefore offers high sensitivity diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. The practical part of this thesis aims to ascertain how often an MRI breast examination is carried out, what are the most common indications for this examination and also the ratio of MRI diagnosis of malignant breast cancer and other pathological changes in breast tissue. I was given access to data in the PACS central archive system of the hospital in Ceske Budejovice. I focused on MRI breast examinations carried out within one year period, specifically between the dates November 1, 2015 and October 31, 2016. The obtained data were added up, classified, turned into graphs and analysed on the basis of various criteria. Within a one year period, 102 examinations were carried out. The results indicated that MRI breast examination has strict indications such as examinations of women with high risk of developing breast cancer, evaluation of post-operative changes after surgical carcinoma treatment, staging of an already diagnosed carcinoma, screening of an unidentified breast lump, a check of integrity and placement of breast implants etc. However, this examination still represents an additional and superior method. When properly indicated this examination outcome is satisfactory when the specific conditions are met; however, it is not as widely accessible as a mammography or ultrasound.
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Use of support groups of patiens after breast surgery
PETRŮ, Lenka
Use of support groups for breast surgery patients This thesis examines the importance of support groups in the lives of women after breast surgery. In these modern times, there are more cases of disease won and fought not so his life. All thanks to the timely capture of the tumor. Still does not diminish the number of patients. The theoretical part of my work is divided into two parts. The first part deals with breast cancer. Thus, especially breast cancer, its treatment, which is divided into several species. A nursing care, which includes not only physical but also psychological aspect of man. In the second part was to define the term support group. And a few selected groups, their goals and services offered and provided to people with various diseases. Two goals were set. The first objective was to investigate the reasons for support groups, and the second objective was to determine their contribution to patients after breast surgery. Research was conducted by interview, conducted with patients attending the breast after surgery support group Arcus-Life in Czech Budejovice. Were determined two research questions. Research question 1: What are the reasons for support groups of patients after breast surgery? The answers showed that the reasons for the use of support groups are more, but the main reason is the sense of belonging and security. Research question 2: How patients perceive the benefits of breast surgery in the use of support groups? Patients from support groups in the Czech Budejovice reported as a contribution from the same understanding of female patients, the possibility of answering many questions, valuable advice and tried and tested tips. Based on the results leaflet was created, which can be used not only in support groups, but also in departments where there may be these patients such as surgery, oncology. The leaflet set out the reasons why a group visit, a group what they can offer and what they can get in the group.
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Postoperative treatment in case mammary reconstruction operation for female after ablation.
BOUŘILOVÁ, Hana
Abstract A woman{\crq}s breast represents one of the most important attribute of women beauty. This is why any congenitally conditioned anomaly is usually perceived very sorely. The impact an ablative operation has on a woman is thus more than obvious. Breast loss or deformation for treatment purposes affects a woman in two spheres. With the fear of further treatment procedures, health condition development and further fate most women are scared of how a loss of such a dominant femininity symbol will change their lives. The effort to have a new breast created is often as important as the exactly performed primary operation for an affected woman. It actually relates to recovery of self-reliance and self-confidence in social life of such a woman. A reconstruction operation to create a new breast belongs to very complicated and painful operations. The subsequent post operation period is difficult for the patient and the postoperative regime is strict. The nursing care is long and intensive and it is limiting and burdening for a patient. Nevertheless a woman takes courage to undergo all that and bear all the difficulties linked to the intervention patiently. However such a physical but particularly mental change it brings is worth it. The aim of the thesis was to find out how a woman approaching the operation perceives the nursing care. The next aim was to find how the nursing care affects a patient after such an operation. Six women hospitalized at two different surgery wards were invited to participate in the research. Four patients, one of which was taken to the surgical ward and the three others to the casualty and plastic surgery ward, agreed with the interview. A research question focused on the nursing care perceived from the viewpoint of a patient revealed that patients mainly concentrated on the surgery intervention itself and its success, while the nursing care acts were perceived as a burden and they even became bothering during the time. Another research question was focused on finding how nursing care might affect the course of hospitalization. With regard to the conditions the patients were taken to the nursing personnel was perceived very positively by the patients. Their approach and behaviour helped the patient stand the distress of the postoperative regime and they finally felt satisfied with the hospitalization course. Upon the discovered facts this thesis should clarify the issues of hospitalization to nurses, so as they are able to get a better insight into the patients{\crq} feelings and their perception of nursing care. To be able to focus their care more efficiently and provide it with the knowledge that helps them care about a patient in the demanding conditions from the somatic point of view but also be supportive in the mental sphere. To focus more intensely on communication in the early postoperative period and on helpful approach, which is very important for a patient, as a nurse has possibility to influence a patient positively to a large extent. With regard to the facts discovered we may form a hypothesis that improper environment has negative influence on a patient{\crq}s psyche. The other hypothesis may be a statement that suitable communication may influence patient{\crq}s welfare during hospitalization positively.
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