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Detection of minimal residual disease in bone marrow an peripheral blood in patients with breast cancer.
Čabiňaková, Michaela ; Tesařová, Petra (advisor) ; Konopásek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Macek, Milan (referee)
Introduction: Simultaneous detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was shown to be associated with an especially poor prognosis and increased incidence of disease-related deaths in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. We analyzed the occurance of DTCs in bone marrow and CTCs in peripheral blood in patients with primary breast cancer, we evaluated the correlation of their presence with other prognostic markers and we investigated the changes in DTCs/CTCs number at different time points during treatment. Materials and methods: Blood of 50 patients with primary breast cancer were used for immunomagnetic separation and detection of circulating tumor cells using the commercial available system the AdnaTest Breast Cancer™ (AdnaGen GmbH, Langenhagen, Germany). Bone marrow aspirates from 50 patients were analyzed for DTCs by immunocytochemistry using the pancytokeratin antibody conjugated with FITC (Monoclonal Anti-Cytokeratin antibody F3418, Sigma Aldrich, USA). Results: DTCs were identified in 30% (15/50) and CTCs in 22% (11/50) of patients. We found that DTC positivity could point to a significantly high risk of larger primary tumor size (p- value 0.011) and significantly higher risk of lymph node involvement (p- value 0.002). For CTC positivity, no such...
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Lymphotherapy as part of physiotherapy in patients after the ablation of breast in outpatient care
Jarotková, Eva ; Horká, Bohumila (advisor) ; Vondráková, Ivana (referee)
Author: Eva Jarotková Institution: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Title of the thesis: Lymphotherapy as part of physiotherapy in patients after the ablation of breast in outpatient care Supervisor: Mgr. Bohumila Horká Number of pages: 97 Year: 2014 Key words: lymphatic system, secondary lymphedema, breast cancer, Complex Decongestive Therapy, quality of life This bachelor's thesis deals with lymphotherapy - Complex Decongestive Therapy, which makes an important part of physiotherapy in patients after the treatment of breast cancer. Information about anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the lymphatic system is covered within the theoretical part. It also brings forward the whole issue of breast cancer with its diagnosis, prevention and treatment and mainly focuses on its complication, secondary lymphedema of the upper extremity. The end of the theoretical part describes the basis of Complex Decongestive Therapy. The empirical part shows how Complex Decongestive Therapy is used in two patients after the ablation of breast, diagnosed with the secondary lymphedema of the upper extremity. The goal of this part is to prove how significantly Complex Decongestive Therapy contributes to cure lymphedema and how greatly it affects the quality of patient's...
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Clinical and genetic aspects of familial breast cancerFrequency of recurrent mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Czech republic and the role of NBN gene
Matějů, Martin ; Novotný, Jan (advisor) ; Konopásek, Bohuslav (referee) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee)
Summary: Background: An increased risk for development of hereditary breast cancer is associated with germline mutations in BRCA1/2 and the influence of NBN mutations is also supposed. The aim of this study is to specify the frequency of recurrent mutations in BRCA1/2 in unselected breast cancer patients and the frequency of most common pathogenic mutations in NBN in Czech republic, to assess current criteria for genetic testing and to consider the addition of NBN to the tested genes. Methods: Screening for recurrent mutations 5382insC and 300T>G in BRCA1 was performed by RFLP, screening for mutations in exon 11 of BRCA1 was performed by PTT, screening for mutations in a selected region of exon 11 of BRCA2 by DHPLC, and screening for mutations in exon 6 of NBN by HRMA. All the mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing. Results: In 679 unselected breast cancer patients 7 carriers of 5382insC, 3 of 300T>G, and 4 of other mutations in BRCA1 were identified. 2 locally prevalent mutations were found in BRCA2. In 730 controls only one 5382insC BRCA1 mutation was identified. Out of 5 NBN mutations found in 600 high-risk patients two were 657del5 and one R215W. A total of 8 NBN mutation carriers were identified among 703 breast cancer patients, 2 of them 657del5 carriers and three R215W carriers. In 915...
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The molecular causes of human diseases and teaching of this topic on high school
Jirkovská, Magdaléna ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a literature research that deals with The molecular causes of human diseases and teaching of this topic on high schools. The first part is focused on an explanation of the molecular causes of selected human diseases mentioned in textbooks for high schools. It also touches another possibilities of teaching these topics at secondary schools. Human diseases mentioned in this part of the bachelor's thesis were chosen by researche of textbooks. The second part of the thesis deals with the evaluation of textbooks. Textbooks were evaluated only in terms of the content of information related to the topic of my thesis. The evaluation criteria were stated upfront and they were identical for all textbooks.
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Expression and regulation of the ABC transporters in tumour cells
Tomková, Veronika ; Truksa, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Němcová, Vlasta (referee)
Estrogen signalling pathway plays crucial role in carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER) is a prototypical hormone receptor that upon binding its ligand, estradiol, translocates into the nucleus and turns on target genes related to cellular proliferation and survival. Although estrogen signalling physiologically supports normal breast tissue development, deregulations of this pathway contribute to development of breast tumours that are estrogen receptor dependent. One of the main obstacles in breast cancer treatment is acquired resistance to common anticancer drugs also known as multidrug resistance (MDR). The switch between chemotherapy responsive to chemotherapy resistant cell phenotype is usually accompanied by increased expression of ABC transporters, special membrane proteins responsible for export of various kinds of commonly used anticancer drugs from the intracellular to extracellular space and is also linked to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). ABC transporters can not only export chemotherapeutic drugs but may modulate tumour microenvironment through the transport of endogenous intracellular substrates such as leukotrienes (LTs), sphingolipids and prostaglandins PGs). This function may also play important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of the thesis was to...
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Gene expression study of oxysterol signal pathway in breast cancer patients
Kloudová, Alžběta ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Vopálenský, Václav (referee)
Hormonal therapy is a common part of breast carcinoma treatment in patients whose tumors express estrogen and progesterone receptors. The aim of hormonal therapy is to prevent proliferative effect of hormones througt their receptor proteins in order to inhibit tumor growth. However, certain number of tumors is resistant to hormonal therapy despite expression of hormonal receptors. Presently, the reasons of this resistance are not fully understood. Oxysterols are hydroxylated cholesterol derivates, which may play some role in development of the resistance. They may interfere with hormonal therapy effect and influence some signal pathways leading to cancer progression. This study comes with results of gene expression of proteins influenced by oxysterol action, metabolic and transport proteins, transcription factors and members of signaling pathways that may be related to oxysterol effect. This thesis identifies some candidate genes for future analysis on the basis of comparison of gene expression between estrogen receptor positive and negative tumors and correlation with clinopathological data. The final goal should lead to discovery of new diagnostic markers for breast cancer therapy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Women after mastectomy in the context of social work
Kašparová, Marie ; Havránková, Olga (advisor) ; Vodáčková, Daniela (referee)
The thesis " Women after Mastectomy in the context of Social Work " deals with the topic of diagnosis of breast cancer, treatments and their side effects, itself, however focuses mainly on the psychological and social consequences that come along with such a serious illness. It aims to outline the possibilities that women with this diagnosis can use , and ultimately points out the great potential of social work within the health care system. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Nurse as a family members educator of cancer patients.
Vrtišková, Monika ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Podaná, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of a nurse acting as an educator for relatives of cancer patients. Apart from professional medical care, cancer patients also need psychological support and care throughout all the stages of cancer. Support of their family is especially important. Education is a necessity for their psychological support. Part of this thesis deals with issues of breast cancer in female patients, the psychological difficulties they face during the illness and support of family members and education they can receive from a nurse. Key words: oncological illness, breast cancer, general nurse, education, educator, patient, family.
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The functional in vitro analysis of the BRCA1alternative splicing variants
Ševčík, Jan ; Kleibl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Stopka, Tomáš (referee) ; Macůrek, Libor (referee)
BACKGROUND: The inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 is a predisposing factor for a breast/ovarian cancer development. Formation of cancer-specific alternative splicing variants with aberrant biological properties can represent additional mechanism decreasing the overall BRCA1 activity in DNA double strand break (DDSB) repair. In this study, we analyzed BRCA1 alternative splicing variants BRCA114-15 and 17-19 ascertained previously during the screening of high-risk breast cancer individuals. METHODS: We established a stable MCF-7 cell line-based model system for an in vitro analysis of BRCA1 variants. Using this system, we analyzed the impact of BRCA114-15 and 17-19 variants on DNA repair kinetics using comet assay and confocal immunomicroscopy. The capacity of DNA repair was assessed directly by an in vitro NHEJ assay and indirectly by a mitomycin C sensitivity test. The proliferation activities were determined by a clonogenic assay and growth curves. RESULTS: Overexpression of BRCA114-15 and 17-19 increases the endogenous level of DNA damage, slows down the DDSB repair, and decelerates the initial phase of radiation-induced foci formation and prolongs their persistence. Moreover, BRCA114-15 and 17-19 differentially influence the activity of HR and NHEJ and sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to ionizing...
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