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The energy balance of biogas station
Urbánek, Martin ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
The purpose of this thesis is to provide information about creating energetic balance of a biogas station. It focuses on discussing current issues of manufacturing biodegradable waste in European Union and the Czech Republic, including related legislature. The individual methods of manufacturing processes of landfilling, incineration, biological treatment and mechanical-biological treatment are described. The thesis presents comprehensive review of the technology of biogas station and the biogas itself. The energy balance has been performed on the grounds of data acquired from the biogas station Stonava.
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Waste composition analysis as a support mechanism for circular economics
Halamíček, Samuel ; Varbanov, Petar Sabev (referee) ; Fan, Yee Van (advisor)
Předkládaná diplomová práce se zaměřuje na využití analýzy složení odpadu k usnadnění přechodu lineárního odpadového hospodářství na oběhové hospodářství. První část práce se zabývá úvodem do tématu odpadového a oběhového hospodářství, po kterém následuje seznámení s technikami a nástroji pro provádění analýzy složení odpadu. Druhá část práce představuje detailní analýzu, která identifikuje složení odpadu na první a třetí úrovni se zaměřením na komunální odpad. Složení odpadu vychází z certifikované metodiky, která vznikla v rámci projektu TIRSMZP719. Správa a analýza dat byla prováděna především za pomocí programovacího jazyka Visual Basic for Application (VBA). Výsledky analýzy složení odpadů jsou znázorněny pomocí grafů, které umožňují identifikovat možné trendy a rozdíly v toku odpadů v rámci zkoumaného období, území či jiného parametru. Použitelnost nástroje při navrhování vhodných způsobů úpravy a využití odpadů na základě zjištěného složení je prezentováno na případové studii města Brna. Z analýzy vyplývá, že největší podíl (23,17 %) směsného komunálního odpadu tvoří bioodpad, přičemž jako hlavní složka bioodpadu byla identifikována složka potravinových odpadů. Toto zjištění navrhuje vysokou proveditelnost a potenciál pro výrobu bioplynu. V této práci je rovněž navrženo řešení zpracování odpadu i pro ostatní složky směsného komunálního odpadu. Takové zhodnocení je klíčové a mohlo by vést k potenciálnímu snížení množství směsného komunálního odpadu až o 40 %. Toto zjištění je velmi důležité, protože celková navržená koncepce dokáže odpovědět právě na separační potenciál, který je navázán na stanovené cíle či jiné závazky související s cíli Plánu odpadového hospodářství ČR. Navržené posouzení akcentuje navržené cíle a ukazuje potenciál pro jejich splnění.
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Analýza skladby gastronomického odpadu a možnosti jeho využití pro výrobu bioplynu v okrese Komárno (Slovensko)
Tvrdoňová, Katarína
This final thesis focus to outline the composition of gastronomic waste in mass caterers in the district of Komárno. The required data has been obtained by filling out anonymous questiounnaires composed of 10 questions. There are 65 mass caterers in the district of Komárno, from which 51 facilities were willing to fill out the required questionnaries. The respondents included persons operating restaurants, school canteens, fast foods, and canteens of nursery houses. The acquired information from questionnaries were summed up in two charts. The work also contains posibilities of gastronomic waste utilization for biogas production, while the main focus is upon the production of biogas from gastronomic waste in combination with waste water with high organic content.
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Návrh způsobu odloučení dřeva z nadsítné frakce kompostáren
Horáčková, Kristýna
The thesis is focused on the issue of composting. It is based on the requirements of the legislation to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste, that is disposed of in landfills and composting support. The thesis describes the composting process, the possibility of composting facilities, the oversize folders of compost and evaluation of the current technologies, which are used for composting. The second part primarily deals with the drafting of the method of separation of wood from the oversize fraction of compost. There are described two proposals -- the wet and dry method of separation of wood. Both methods are subsequently evaluated with considering to a composting facility and the quantity of processed waste.
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Kompostovací proces v Kompostárně Želivec, Agora, s. r. o.
Křapáčková, Klára
The bachelor thesis is entitled Composting process in the Composting Plant Želivec, AGORA s.r.o. The main subject of the work is the description of processes of biodegradable waste management, namely composting and an anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, composting, its principle, conditions, and possible places of use of this process and technology are being discussed in more detail. The result of the bachelor thesis is the characteristics and evaluation of the composting process in the Composting Plant Želivec, AGORA s.r.o., using a description of the technology, systems and equipment used. It is a combination of composting in a composting hall and a method of composting in belt piles in the open space.
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Education programs with theme "Life in the soil" for kindergartens
VACKOVÁ, Irena
This diploma thesis deals with educational programs for kindergartens with the theme "Life in Soil". The theoretical part deals with environmental education in kindergartens and its forms. Furthermore, it focuses on various aspects of the topic "Life in Soil", such as the properties of the soil, organisms we can find there, their characteristics, how to observe them and the definition of a compost. The practical part of the thesis describes educational programs and activities, children's motivation and overlap with other parts of the school educational program of preschool education, and also the necessary aids. It discusses specific forms of the activities - they should be rich in information, comprehensible, engaging all senses, using children's activity and creativity, strengthening their independent decision-making and thinking and, last but not least, entertaining. The diploma thesis presents two educational programs for kindergartens. The educational programs have already been organized several times and they have met with a positive response. The thesis brings proposals of everyday activities related to the topic "Life in Soil" for children in kindergartens reflecting various aspects of their education - the development of the senses, mathematical concepts, vocabulary, pre-reading literacy, graphomotoric skills, cognitive abilities and knowledge, as well as art and work activities, physical activities, outdoor activities and music and drama education. It also contains an evaluation of the past activities. The topic "Life in Soil" was chosen with respect to its overlap with natural sciences and environmental protection.
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Sink disposers and theirs importance in biological degradable waste removal.
Amemori, Anna ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Doležalová, Markéta (referee)
Some 30 - 50 % of municipal solid waste (MSW) is biodegradable waste. Most of this waste is sent to landfills or incinerated and is not recovered. According to Waste Management Plan of Czech Republic based on the Landfill Directive of EU, Czech Republic should to reduce weight of biodegradable waste sent to lanndfills to 75 % in 2010 and 35 % in 2020 compared with the amount that had been landfilled in 1995. In rural areas biodegradable waste is fed to animals or treated by home composting. However in urban areas the collection of separated biowaste is problem for a long time. Food waste disposers (FWDs) presents interesting alternative for the biowaste disposal. They enable the separation of food waste at source by shreding it in a kitchen sink. FWDs utilize existing infrastructure of sewer system to transport shreded wastes to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Wastes can be disposed in WWTPs by anaerobic digestion - the best method for disposal of food waste of animal origin. This work concentrates on literature research of studies about feasibility of FWD as a instrument for biodegradable waste removal and compares arguments for and against using of FWDs in households. Majority of studies shows no complications in sewer system and on WWTP after instalation of FWDs. Energetic and hydraulic consumption...
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