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Decontamination of Persons at Medical Facilites during CBR Events
Magulová, Eva ; Urbánek, Pavel (referee) ; Rosická, Zdena (advisor)
The aim of this work is the effort to bring new insight into the possibility of decontamination in healthcare facilities. In the first part are briefly explained keywords. The second part is a brief preview of the sarin attack in the Tokyo metro and the cooperation of Japanese rescue system in this event. It is followed by estimated procedure of integrated rescue system of the Czech Republic at the same event in the Czech Republic. Then is a proposal of some problems arising from improvised decontamination in the unequipped hospital and a proposal for the possible course of decontamination in a medical device.
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A comprehensive approach of emergency medical services providers to a transport of a patient suffering from a highly contagious disease
MACH, Rostislav
In the thesis "Comprehensive approach of emergency medical services provider to a highly-contagious patient transportation" we concentrated on nursing care and aspects of transportation administered by operating paramedics, all in cases that public health authorities suspect to be related to a highly - contagious disease and transportation in isolated transportation vehicle is mandated. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the key concepts of highly - contagious disease, it describes individual causal agents of contagious diseases and their ways of transmission to humans. For description of contagious diseases were chosen those with high morbidity, lethality and interpersonal transmission. We mention the danger of biological agents misuse, ways of protection against contagious diseases and types of decontamination procedures. We describe different means of personal protection used by biohazard team members and even environmental factors affecting the work of paramedics using personal protective agents. Further on, we bring to attention legal aspects and inner policies related to aforementioned issues including analysis of procedure logistics of emergency services teams dealing with emergencies with suspicion of highly - contagious disease. Research in practical part of the thesis concentrates on aims related to optimizing nursing care for patients suspected of suffering from a highly - contagious disease, when securing them in the transportation vehicle, furthermore, we examine the impact of personal protective agents used by paramedics when transporting the patient, and we also analyze environmental factors inside the ambulance vehicle and isolated personal transportation vehicle. All of these aims were researched with the help of planned experiments and the resulting findings are based on the outcomes of these experiments.
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Protect of Population and Biological Weapons
TUREČKOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis offers an insight into the issue of biological weapons. It is divided into several parts. The theoretical part describes the general characteristics of biological weapons. Furthermore, the history of the development of biological weapons is briefly mentioned, important milestones in this area are added, such as vaccine development. The history is followed by a description of the individual biological agents, the description of the biological agent, its effects on the organism and its inclusion in the group. Furthermore, the thesis describes the way of spreading biological agents and the ways of entry of biological agents into the body. The next chapter is devoted to international and Czech legislation governing the use of biological weapons. The last chapters are devoted to protection against biological agents, decontamination and detection and identification of biological agents. The next part, i.e. empirical, defines the methods and objectives of own research and the results that are graphically processed for clarity. Subsequently, the results are described in the discussion. The main aim of this thesis was to find out whether students of the business academy and secondary vocational school Kaplice have sufficient knowledge in the field of biological weapons. Part of this goal was also to answer the research questions: What is the knowledge of the protection of the population in the field of biological weapons and the readiness for attack by biological weapons in the students of these schools in Kaplice? Do they have a proper level of knowledge of the protection of the population in the field of the biological weapons? A questionnaire survey was used to ensure this information. Altogether 81 students participated in the survey. Research has revealed that students' knowledge of biological weapons is low, specifically in the field of protection from biological weapon attack and in biological field. Low knowledge was also in the basic characteristics of biological weapons, where complementary questions are included such as what the term epidemic means. Therefore, a measure has been proposed that can deepen knowledge in this area.
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Decontamination of Persons at Medical Facilites during CBR Events
Magulová, Eva ; Urbánek, Pavel (referee) ; Rosická, Zdena (advisor)
The aim of this work is the effort to bring new insight into the possibility of decontamination in healthcare facilities. In the first part are briefly explained keywords. The second part is a brief preview of the sarin attack in the Tokyo metro and the cooperation of Japanese rescue system in this event. It is followed by estimated procedure of integrated rescue system of the Czech Republic at the same event in the Czech Republic. Then is a proposal of some problems arising from improvised decontamination in the unequipped hospital and a proposal for the possible course of decontamination in a medical device.
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Comparison of anti biological protection of the CR with selected EU countries
SOUKUPOVÁ, Eva
Comparison of anti biological protection of the CR with selected EU countries The system of application of hygienic-epidemiological measures within the Czech Republic is based on Act No. 258/2000 Col. on public health protection and on modification of some related acts defining the system of the public health protection bodies and on Directive No. 440/2000 Sb. stipulating the conditions of prevention of occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases and hygienic requirements for operation of healthcare facilities. The individual tasks given to the public health protection bodies as well as to the Integrated Rescue System units may sometimes be misunderstood. These tasks must be known so as the set goals can be performed and thorough hygienic and epidemiological measures can be ensured. Each state has its own biological security system, which very often differs from that of the Czech Republic. To be able to ensure civil protection in the Czech Republic it is necessary to know the legislation provision or the system of biological agent detection in neighbouring countries, i.e. in Slovakia, in Germany, in Austria and in Poland, to make the cross-border cooperation more effective and reliable. The thesis compares the methods of anti-biological protection in the Czech Republic and in the neighbouring states. The thesis also provides information on the differences in legislation and in anti-biological protection application, from both, the basic as well as professional points of view. Upon these comparisons and upon set criteria a conclusion has been drawn that the Czech Republic is ready to cope with an attack by means of B-agents and that some country has more elaborated protection.
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The way of alternative spread of the biological agents in population.
JIRKA, Martin
This bachelor thesis describes the ways of alternative spread of the biological agents in population. It is focused on the main precursors, which increase the risk of such use. One of the precursors is the availability of biological agents which have the potential to be exploited as a biological weapon. Majority hazardous agents are found freely in nature and could be obtained without much effort. The ability to effectively extend the dangerous pathogens is another important aspect. Among the main ways of the spread, is a form of inhalation, ingestion or inoculation, including spread of biological agents via vehicles and vectors. The ability to threaten the life and health in these ways of spreading agents is evaluated. Last precursor represented an alternative way to spread the biological agents. There are many ways how to spread dangerous germs. The thesis is focused on alternative ways, using of them and devices it´s possible to achieve efficient transfer of biological agents and achieve high damage to health of population. Furthermore, the fact is mentioned that biological agents were previously abused for attack and therefore can´t be trusted that this situation no longer occurs. And because terrorism is recently more dangerous and more cold-blooded, the problems of this topic are also described. At the conclusion thesis tries to find of the all available pathogens, which the aggressor could easily use and evaluates the way of spread the selected pathogen, which would be the most dangerous for the population from the health point of view, including its alternatives. The thesis is handled in the form of a literature search of Czech and foreign literature and the results are processed by the brainwriting method.
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The units integrated rescue system activity during suspected a possible terrorist attack using biological arms and toxins
MAISTRYSZINOVÁ, Soňa
The possible use of biological weapons has become a reality. In the face of the character and the organizational transformation of the phenomenon of terrorism and the incidents related to terrorist attacks today, the interest of specialists, politicians, general public and of course also mass media in the threat of bioterrorism and the posibility of misuse of mass destruction weapons is getting stronger. A biological attack means an intentional use of vital microorganisms or their toxic products to cause a disease and death in people, animals and plants. This is a very broad issue, that is why this work is focused especially on a short summary of main aspects of the problem, with emphasis on readiness of the integrated rescue system for extraordinary incident, eventually on a crisis situation, that could come as a consequence of the use of biological weapons. The methods of a biological attack and its main characteristics. The general public must be better informed about the possibilities of ultraterrorist attacks and must be prepared for the possible reaction in case of these attacks. Growing awareness would probably significantly contribute to the elimination of losses in the case of use of these biological weapons by terrorists. It is necessary to focus on the citizens´ preparation regarding existing threats of terrorist attacks, inform them how to identify symptoms of attacks with weapons of mass destruction and how to adequately protect ourselves against them. A rank of proceedings exists for the protection of citizens, such as sufficient amount of protective masks, means for decontamination, a complete programme for mass vaccination, a broader and deeper planning of processes for extraordinary situations, as well as information about emmergency escape shelters etc..
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The activity of joint rescue service of South Bohemia region during solving potential emergency event developed as a consequence of the suspicion of occurrence of "high dangerous contagion" of passenger of air move in conditions of South Bohemia Airport České Budějovice, a.s.
JEŘÁBKOVÁ, Olga
This thesis was prepared as a set of current knowledge and solution of the issues of biological safety in relation to occurrence of dangerous biological agents mainly in individuals. The possibility of occurrence of ``highly dangerous infection{\crqq} disease is real in the CR and the health care system together with the integrated emergency system services have to be prepared, actually at the moment when a suspicion of its occurrence is pronounced by a competent person. The questions processed here relate to an assessment of the level of cooperation between the integrated emergency system services and further involved entities of South Bohemian region on dealing with this type of emergency situation that might occur in an air transport passenger. The thesis also deals with the issue of current provision of protective means needed for biological protection of the intervening services staff. Topicality of this issue in South Bohemian Region is among others given by the reconstruction of the South Bohemian Airport in České Budějovice, which is being prepared for international operation. And the development of travelling of people who use air transport to distant and exotic parts of the world where they might get infected and return back to the CR still in the incubation period using the quick air transport, is one of the reasons why this danger must not be underestimated. Personal interviews with representatives of the integrated emergency system services of the South Bohemia Region and related literary and information sources were used for obtaining data and information for the thesis. A tabling method was also used for organization of the data and the data were consequently subject to systemic and causal analysis. An outline of specific protective means available to the individual entities was formed within the analysis of current protective means specified for biological protection of intervening staff, and the outline was assessed in line with applicable European standards. Thanks to efficient cooperation between the integrated emergency system services and the involved entities and thanks to performed exercises readiness for dealing with situations that might occur in consequence of suspicion of dangerous infection occurrence is very good in the South Bohemia Region. The system of solving such situations as well as availability of protective means is at a good level in the South Bohemia Region, however some disproportions were found and the thesis provides proposals for possible measures of solving them.
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Bioterorism and problems with mass media in population awarness.
VENKRBCOVÁ, Klára
Bioterrorism is a deliberate abuse of bilogical agents with a view to bring on a human or animal illness, it can have military, religious or political connection. Biological weapons number among mass destruction weapons and their advantage is in their ineffectiveness on dead matter and ability to cause high mortality. Biological weapons are very various and budget-priced. Just a small amount can kill many people or contaminate a vast area for a long time, it all depends on qualities of the used biological agent. Biological agent can be spread in several ways, namely by aerosol inhalation, in an alimentary way otherwise by taking of with groceries, by exterior contamination by means of objects or linen and by means of vector (medium {--} insects) by blood suction. The aspiration of my work was to state the awareness level of inhabitants and I asume it was carried out. The first hypothesis {\clqq}General awareness level about bioterrorism is mininal`` This hypothesis was neither validated nor confuted, fifty percent of the answers confirmed the thesis but fifty percent did not. The second hypothesis {\clqq}Awareness and interest in bioterrorism fall with the rising age.`` This was confirmed. The third hypothesis {\clqq}Media are exaggeratedly interested in this topic. This hypothesis wasn{\crq}t confirmed. The fourth hypothesis {\clqq}The Czech Republic is according to informants´ views ready for a bioterrorist attack but it isn{\crq}t imminent.`` This hypothesis was neither validated nor confuted, as well as the first hypothesis it was confirmed from 50 % and confuted from 50 % . The fifth hypothesis {\clqq} People look for special information on bioterrorism most ofen in special literature and they get further information most ofen through the medium of television.`` This hypothesis was neither validated nor confuted. The sixth hypothesis {\clqq}The informants connect the planned build- up of the American counter rocket radar with the menace of bioterrorism.`` It was confuted.
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Botulotoxin: dangerous poison or useful remedy?
HAMERNÍKOVÁ, Magdalena
ABSTRACT Botulotoxin: dangerous poison or useful remedy? Regarding present awareness of biological agents and the possibilities for terrorist groups several possible sources, which are most likely to be abused in biological weapons and subsequent spread of these diseases (sources) in population have been addressed, botulotoxin is one of them. Poisoning with botulotoxin (botulism) is a possible variant of bio-terrorist attack, which is considered real at present.. Botulotoxin is used in cosmetics, particularly for smoothening wrinkles, and is also applied in medicine. The aim of my thesis was to gather summarized information on botulotoxin and the possibilities of its abuse as poison for terrorist attack, to enlighten its availability, the way of use by terrorist, a scenario of such an attack, the clinical progress of poisoning, possible mortalities and preventive measures minimizing them, the issues of using botulotoxin as medicine in present health care and evaluation the possible consequent risks, and evaluation of awareness of botulotoxin and bio-terrorism in general among general public and professionals. H1: Professionals consider botulotoxin one of the poisons most likely to be used as an instrument of bio-terrorism and has been high attention paid to its study. H2: General public more perceive botulotoxin as cosmetic preparation for smoothening wrinkles in a face and it has only a few informations of its terrorist abuse. Verification of the first hypothesis was performed at theoretical level by studying professional literature its critical assessment and consultation with experts. All available publications on botulotoxin and its relation to bio-terrorism of the last ten years were collected, and the reasons why botulotoxin is considered to be a suitable instrument of bio-terrorism as well as a suitable instrument in medicine and cosmetics. Verification of the second hypothesis was performed by investigation in the form of a questionnaire research. A questionnaire enabling to find out awareness of botulotoxin and bio-terrorism in general among the public was compiled. The research was conducted among the general public and among professionals, represented by members of the Integrated Rescue System in České Budějovice. The questionnaire consists of 18 questions. The samples of both the groups include 100 respondents, stratified selection of whom was performed upon consultation with an expert. Questionnaire evaluation was performed in 2 spheres. The first sphere deals with identification data and the second with general awareness. The aim of this work was to find out what the awareness of botulotoxin and bio-terrorism in general the general public and professionals was like. Finally I analysed the research results and the formulated hypotheses The research results have confirmed my hypotheses. They show that the examined general public sample and the sample of professionals could not have been chosen from an identical outside group, the difference between them is statistically significant. Professionals are statistically significantly better aware of botulotoxin features than the general public. This thesis represent an information source for those interested in these issues, particularly for the Integrated Rescue System units.
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