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Vztah bezrohosti k mléčné užitkovosti u plemene český strakatý skot
Buřvalová, Michaela
This thesis studies the influence of polledness on parameters of milk production of Czech Fleckvieh cattle population. In theoretical section it gives an overview of current findings in the areas of anatomy, ontogenesis and genetics of polled and hor-ned phenotype, milk production and Czech fleckvieh breed. Then in practical section of this thesis, an evaluation of the phenotype (horned/polled and phenotypic deviations associated with polledness). Furthermore, the methodology of laboratory detection of mutations causing hornlessness (PCR + ELFO and Sanger sequencing) was optimized and carried out. This combination of polledness testing methods has proven to be effective so a relatively simple and cheap test to detect polledness in the Fleckvieh breed was designed. This test is suitable for further testing on a larger group of anima-ls. Second part of the practical section is devoted to statistical analysis (one-factor ANOVA and GLM) of dependency of milk production parameters (milk yield [kg of milk] fat content [%], protein content [%]) on polled genotype. Results of these analy-ses show, that polledness probably does not have a direct negative effect on milk yield and fat content in milk. However, the negative influence of polledness could not be refuted for the protein content parameter.
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Heredity of polledness in cattle
HEGROVÁ, Kateřina
Most cattle breeds were originally naturally horned. The horns were used as a tool of defense and a manifestation of dominance in the herd. With increasing pressure to increase the efficiency of breeding and increase the safety of both animals and care-givers, horned cattle are being dehorned. However, this does not correspond with welfare requirements. In 2009, the complete genome of cattle was sequenced, which started a series of researches in the field of heredity. Genetic manifestations of horns or polledness are controlled by the autosomal locus polled, located on chromosome pair BTA1, characterized by two alleles, for the dominant P allele representing polledness, and for the recessive allele p for horns. In cattle we encounter 4 mutations of these alleles Celtic, Frisian, Mongolian and Guarany. Manifestations of polledness are also influenced by alleles for the presence of scurrs Sc and sc, or alleles for the manifestation of the so-called African horns Af and An. Thanks to the testing of individuals using microsatellite markers or the SNP method, it is possible to mark genetically polled individuals and thus help breeders to expand hornless breeds.
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Zásady chovu plemene masný simentál
Chytka, Vladimír
This bachelor thesis focuses on breeding of beef simental in the Czech Republic, but also in countries where this breed is very numerous. It describes the individual breeding countries on the question of the type of animal, polled, color and another specifications. In czech population is analyzed evolution from the beginning of the breeding beef simmental to the present. Properties and specifics of AI bulls which were crucial for the development of breeding in Czech republick are described in detail. Here are described technology of breeding in the summer on pasture and also technology of breeding in winter. The growth of beef simmental is compared within breeds in the Czech Republic and also the growth is compared with animals in Germany and Denmark. Inalienable part in this thesis is the issue of polled that nowadays is very discussed.
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