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Specific care of women with sexually transmitted diseases
HVÍŽĎALOVÁ, Zuzana
Particulars of care for women suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. The bachelor thesis deals with particulars of care for women suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases are an issue worldwide in spite of progresses in modern medicine. In pregnant women this issue is even more vital as not only the mother but also the child is affected and the disease can be transmitted from mother to the child. The greatest risk for the child is vertical transmission. The dermatovenerological and infection departments provide care for women suffering from STD. Pregnant women suffering from such infectious diseases are placed in the hospital Na Bulovce for the whole Czech Republic. Sexually transmitted diseases are those that are passed by sexual intercourse or the way of transmission has an epidemiological significance. Among these diseases more than 25 various microorganisms are included, e.g. fungi, arthropods, maggots, protozoa spirochetes, bacteria, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, chlamydia and viruses. Among sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhoea, inborn, primary or third stage syphilis, soft sore and veneric lymphogranuloma. The law provides for this diseases to be reported obligatorily and it is the duty of the patient to undergo treatment and come to regular examinations. The first goal of this paper is to find out how the medical staff is informed on particulars of care for women suffering from STD, the second goal aims at evaluating the situation concerning adherence to barrier care for women suffering from STD and the third goal is to create a manual of standards in care for women suffering from STD. To find out the goals a hypothesis and a research question were set. For the quantitative survey a questionnaire was prepared and for the qualitative research a monitoring list was prepared. The researched group was made up by nurses working at dermatovenerological and infection departments. The research was carried out in three medical institutions in the Czech Republic. The results of the research were very good. There is a premise in the hypothesis that the nursing staff know how to take care for women suffering from STD. This hypothesis was confirmed. In majority of questions concerning the care for women suffering from STD more than 70% of respondents replied correctly. The answer on the research question is also very good. The qualitative research has shown that more than 80% of nurses adhere to almost all principles of barrier care. Based on the research a a manual of standards has been created for the care for women suffering from STD that could be applied as a source of information for the nursing staff.
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Nursing care of a patient with multi-resistant strains
ZAJÍCOVÁ, Lucie
Occurrence of bacterial resistance appeared already five years after the antibiotics had been introduced in practice. Currently the occurrence of resistant or multiresistant strains is increasing. It is therefore highly important to adhere to barrier nursing techniques for clients colonized or infected with multiresistant strains. The risk of transmission of infection between patients and also between the medical staff is thus minimized. However, many of the nursing staff have not fully realized the importance of adhering to the barrier nursing care. A quantitative research by means of anonymous questionnaires was applied to collect the data. The research survey was carried out in the specialized departments of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. (The Hospital of České Budějovice). The following information was checked: identification data, the awareness of the nursing staff concerning the barrier care and the possibilities of the nursing staff to adhere to this care in practice when nursing clients suffering from multiresistant strains. 139 questionnaires have been distributed from which 110 (100%) have been included in the research. In the bachelor thesis the awareness of the nursing staff concerning the barrier nursing care and the possibility to adhere effectively to this kind of care for nursing clients suffering from multiresistant strains has been investigated, which was also stated in the aims of the paper (there were three of them), which were confirmed by the results of the research. Three hypotheses were set. The first one was to prove that the nursing staff adhere to the barrier nursing care for patients suffering from multiresistant strains, which was confirmed. The second one was to prove, that the nursing staff have enough aids to adhere to barrier care for patients suffering from multiresistant strains. This hypothesis was also confirmed. The third one was to prove that the nursing staff are acquainted with principles of barrier nursing technique as prevention of transmission of multiresistant strains, which was also confirmed. In general it can be stated that although the nursing staff are over strained in their work physically and psychically due to evident lack of nursing staff in all departments, the awareness and adherence to barrier nursing care and thus the minimizing the risk of transmission of resistant or multiresistant strains is evident. The research has shown that in spite of problems the nursing staff is to handle daily, the adherence to barrier nursing technique is important for them. The awareness in this field is on a very satisfactory level, as well as material equipment and aids necessary to adherence to barrier care. There is also a tendency from the part of the superiors to inform on topical subjects in nursing care for clients suffering from multiresitant strains in regular seminars organized within the hospital. The adherence to barrier nursing care is an essential part of care for clients suffering from multiresistant strains. The results of the paper shall be used to inform medical staff on this issue to make a positive impact on opinions of medical staff on adhering to barrier nursing care to prevent transmission of multiresistant strains.
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Qualitative investigation of nursing practice for blood donations
NEUMANNOVÁ, Jana
Venous blood sampling poses one of the basic professional skills of a nurse. As in other fields of medical professions, new techniques, standards, instruments and auxiliary instruments are steadily developed here. Their use in practice should facilitate the work of nurses, increase the comfort of patients and, last but not least, increase the costs of health centres and hospitals resulting from repeated samplings and consequently repeated analyses of blood samples. The obtained blood test results facilitate the diagnosis as well as the monitoring process of the individual treatment effectiveness. When taking blood samples, nurses should comply with the current nursing standards ensuring that the result of the given venous blood sampling is correct and non-distorted by an incorrect venepuncture. A violation of the nursing standard may endanger the health safety of both the patient and the nurse. This baccalaureate work monitors the compliance of stipulated nursing standards related to blood sampling. The research was carried out within the surgical ward of the Klatovy Hospital. The monitoring method of disguised participating observation and consequent interviews with monitored nurses was selected. Thus, the research questions could be sufficiently answered. The first question was focussed on the rate of compliance with the principles of correct venous blood sampling. The observations showed that nurses not always proceed in compliance with the appropriate venous blood sampling standards. The second research question dealt with the sampling safety standards both in terms of the patient and the nurse. The research results suggest that nurses are not always fully aware of their own or patient's safety issues. The nurses are not yet sufficiently skilled in the application of protective equipment. The third research question was focussed on the individual preferences of the available sampling techniques. The results of the interviews with nurses suggest that nurses tend to prefer the closed technique. The ward sister of the surgical ward as well as the deputy executive manager for nursing issues of the Klatovy Hospital shall be made acquainted with the results of my research. I plan to propose to hold a seminar in the co-operation with the staff of the clinical biochemistry ward of the Klatovy Hospital.
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Barrier recovery system at the occurrence of nosocomial infections in the department
JAREŠOVÁ, Marie
Infections acquired during a treatment in a hospital or healthcare service unit are called nosocomial infections. Their history goes back to the first institutions where patients were gathered. To prevent nosocomial infections, so called barrier nursing is used. It is a set of procedures aimed at preventive measures to avoid the appearance or transmission of the infection. The awareness of observing all rules connected belong to the essentials. The aim of the Bachelor work was to find out if general nurses who work in in-patient hospital wards are aware of nosocomial infections. They were interviewed about barrier nursing rules and their observing. The survey was carried out in the hospitals in Písek and Strakonice. There were 110 anonymous questionnaires distributed and 90 of them were given back. All data were compiled and the findings were depicted in a graphic form. Two hypotheses were set at the beginning: Hypothesis 1: Nurses are familiar with barrier nursing regime rules and their use while nosocomial infection appears at the wards. Hypothesis 2: Nurses respect the rules when nosocomial infection appears at the wards. Both hypotheses were confirmed. The analysis of the data acquired from the questionnaires resulted into the finding that the nurses were keeping abreast of nosocomial infection prevention. The nurses are likely to attend seminars as a part of preventive measures of nosocomial infections. All findings will be offered to the management of the hospitals where the survey was carried out.
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Sepsis in intensive care, precautionary measures on the part of nursing personnel and department management
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Ludmila
Sepsis represents a serious medical, but also social problem. Hundreds of thousands of patients die from serious sepsis and septic shock every year. Patients with serious sepsis are treated at intensive care units and their treatment is long, costly and low efficient. These are the reasons why prevention of sepsis focused on prevention and effective treatment of nosocomial infections or timely solution of another problem, e.g. a shock is so much stressed. Nosocomial infections affect about 30 per cent of patients at intensive care units and may cause serious diseases, sepsis or even death. This thesis deals with the possibilities nurses have to influence sepsis, particularly by adherence to aseptic procedures and prevention of nosocomial infection, which might consequently develop in nosocomial sepsis. Combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used for the research. There were two goals set for the quantitative research. 1. To find whether obstacles occur in adherence to proper aseptic procedures in nursing work as prevention of nosocomial infection occurrence and subsequent septic conditions in patients hospitalized at intensive medicine workplaces. 2. To map the weak points in adherence to proper aseptic procedures in nursing work in intensive care. The goals led to hypotheses H1 Obstacles obstructing thorough adherence to proper aseptic procedures in nursing work exist in intensive care. H2 Non-adherence to aseptic procedures occurs in nursing work at intensive medicine workplaces as a consequence of lack of time for particular interventions. The research sample consisted of nurses from the intensive care workplaces ARD and ICU from 8 hospitals. Questioning method through the questionnaire technique was used for data collection. 342 questionnaires were distributed in total. Hypothesis 1 was refuted, hypothesis 2 was refuted. We found that no obstacles obstructing adherence to proper aseptic methods occur, we mapped the weak points in adherence to proper aseptic procedures in nursing work in intensive care. There were two goals set for the qualitative research. GOAL 3 To find what measures preventing occurrence of nosocomial infection and subsequent septic conditions in patients hospitalized at intensive medicine workplaces are taken by department managements. GOAL 4 To find out how department management deals with possible occurrence of nosocomial infection and subsequent septic conditions in patients hospitalized at intensive medicine workplaces. The following research questions were set. 1. What are the measures preventing occurrence of nosocomial infection and subsequent septic conditions in patients hospitalized at intensive medicine workplaces taken by department managements? 2. How does department management solve possible occurrence of nosocomial infection and subsequent septic conditions in patients hospitalized at intensive medicine workplaces? The research sample consisted of 5 departmental nurses and 5 head nurses from intensive care workplaces from the same hospitals where the quantitative research took place. The research was performed by semi-standardized interview. The research questions were answered. A manual for nurses called ?Recommendation for nurses in prevention of nosocomial infection and nosocomial sepsis not only at intensive care units? was elaborated upon study of these issues and the performed research. A thought map for department management illustrating prevention and solution of nosocomial infection and nosocomial sepsis was also elaborated. Both the document and the research results will be provided particularly to the managements of the hospitals that took part in our research. The thesis may also be helpful to nurses, students and other interested people to gain overall insight into the issue.
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Tuberculosis as a nursing problem
KUBEKOVÁ, Martina
Tuberculosis (TBC) is an infectious disease affecting mostly the respiration system. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every year approximately eight million new cases of tuberculosis are reported and around two million people die of this disease. The Czech Republic ranks among the countries with the lowest annual incidence of tuberculosis. Patients suffering from tuberculosis are hospitalized in tuberculosis and respiration diseases (TRN) wards where they have to follow a certain medical regimen. They are hospitalized in isolated rooms, have to observe increased hand hygiene, use disposable tissues for coughing, spit the sputum into sputum containers, cover their month while coughing and use their own eating utensils and drinking glasses. In terms of comprehensive nursing care of tuberculosis patients, the problematic issue is observance of the barrier nursing care. While providing nursing care to a tuberculosis patient it is important that the nurse uses disposable protective aids and observes hand hygiene and disinfection principles. For these reasons the theoretical part includes the barrier nursing care, hygienic-epidemiologic techniques and principles of the medical regimen of tuberculosis patients. The research was qualitative and used interviews and monitoring. The research set were the patients and nurses in the TRN ward in Nemocnice Jihlava a.s. The objective of the thesis was to ascertain whether the TBC patients observe the medical regimen and whether the nurses observe the principles of the barrier nursing care of TBC patients. Two research issues were set in respect of the objectives. 1. Do the tuberculosis patients observe the medical regimen? 2. Do the nurses observe the principles of the barrier nursing care of tuberculosis patients? The research revealed that the monitored patients observed the medical regimen. The monitored nurses observed the barrier nursing care and hygienic-epidemiologic measures. Based on these results it can be stated that the nurses have both theoretical and practical knowledge in the area of the barrier nursing care and use the knowledge while providing nursing care to tuberculosis patients. Three hypotheses followed from the research. H1: The patients in the TRN ward observe the medical regimen. H2: The nurses know the principles of the barrier nursing technique. H3: The nurses observe the principles of the barrier nursing care. The results of the research will be provided to the nurse manager of the hospital of Jihlava and to the head nurse of the tuberculosis and respiration diseases ward of Nemocnice Jihlava a.s. as a source of information for continuous improvement of quality of the nursing care of tuberculosis patients in the tuberculosis and respiration diseases ward.
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The influence of nursing care on the course of hospitalization of the patient with MRSA diagnosis
ŠTVERÁKOVÁ, Martina
The aim of work to find out, how clients with diagnosis MRSA hospitalized in isolation, perceive nursing care from medical staff. Results emerged from the questionnaires are: Patient diagnosed MRSA hospitalized in isolation are well-informed about reasons of their isolation and about rules of nursing care provided. Epidemiological protection during the nursing care in isolation are perceived by clients in a positive way like needed safety precautions to prevent illness transmission.
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