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Irradiation of the population from natural sources
UHLÍŘOVÁ, Daniela
Natural sources of radiation cause much higher exposure than artificial sources and can come in many forms. Natural sources of ionizing radiation are cosmic rays and natural radionuclides. Radon accounts for the largest percentage of the population's exposure. In the Czech Republic, radon occurs to a large extent, and because of this, we are among the countries with the largest volumetric activity of radon. The aim of the submitted bachelor's thesis was to find out and compare the awareness of the population in the area of natural sources of ionizing radiation in selected localities with high and low incidence of radon, namely Příbramsko and Mostecko. The theoretical part contains knowledge about radioactivity, biological effects of ionizing radiation, natural sources of ionizing radiation and quantities associated with ionizing radiation. A section is also devoted to the radon issue, health complications associated with radon and the radon program, which summarizes anti-radon measures. In the research part, the results of the questionnaire survey are summarized using graphs. These results are further processed using statistical methods, thanks to which both given hypotheses were confirmed. The first hypothesis examined whether the total awareness of the population would reach at least 70%, which was confirmed using a one-sample t-test. The second hypothesis related to the comparison of the knowledge of the population in the area of natural sources of ionizing radiation in people living in a locality with a higher incidence of radon and in people living in a locality with a lower incidence of radon, where the awareness of people in localities with a higher incidence of radon should be considerably higher. The hypothesis was confirmed using a two-sample t-test.
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The statistical investigation of selected tasks in protection of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants
HAJÍČKOVÁ, Iva
The thesis deals with statistical investigation of selected tasks in population protection in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.The issues of population protection have been developing since 1930s up to now.Currently,the population protection is addressed particularly in concepts of population protection,while the most recent one is the Population Protection Concept until 2020 with an Outlook to 2030.The objective of the thesis was to compare awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.With regard to a potential extraordinary event,in this case a radiation accident,the awareness of the population plays a significant role.The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes population protection,legal regulations and documents dealing with this topic.It also defines measures in population protection which seek to mitigate impact of extraordinary events or emergency situations on health and lives of the population,property and the environment.The thesis also mentions emergency planning and describes types of emergency plans.The second section of the theoretical part describes selected statistical methods.The last chapter of the theoretical part describes methods of multidimensional statistics.The following hypotheses and partial hypotheses were formulated in the research part of the thesis to meet its objective: H1 There is no statistically significant difference between the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Temelín and the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Dukovany.H11 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among men about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.H12 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among women about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany. H2 The awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H21 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H22 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H23 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H24 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.All the formulated hypotheses were tested with methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The research was conducted with questionnaires handed out in the emergency planning zones of NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions and it was filled out by 242 men and 270 women in the zones.All data used in the research were provided to me within the project "Population protection depending of differentiation of the population" safety survey (VG20132015122) performed at the department of radiology,toxicology and population protection at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in cooperation with the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic.Results of the research have shown that the average awareness of the population living in the emergency planning zones of the nuclear power plants is less than 50% and that the knowledge of the population about a potential extraordinary event is not satisfactory.The population living in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants could be exceptionally prepared for a potential non-standard situation, not only in the form of a Gauss curve.
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Possible threat and preparedness of population for self-protection and providing mutual help
GALEKOVÁ, Žaneta
The diploma thesis is focused on determination of perception of the nuclear power station Temelín as a potential source of a threat perceived by the population living in the area of emergency planning, and determination of perception of possible sources of threat to selected subjects, such as swimming pool, winter stadium, breweries, freezing plant, etc. located in the area of the town České Budějovice. The aim of the diploma thesis is also to find out and compare the level of the current state of awareness and preparedness of the population living in the area of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín informed in particular by guides and calendars published by the authorization holder, and of the population living in the area of the town České Budějovice for the eventuality of emergence of an extraordinary event. The hypothesis of the diploma thesis assumed that awareness and preparedness of the population living in the area of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín should be on higher level in comparison with the population living in the area of the town České Budějovice. It is evident from the results of the questionnaire enquiry that awareness of the population living in both these areas is approximately on the same level, and thus the hypothesis of the diploma thesis was not confirmed. The proposal for improving awareness and preparedness of the population will help to explain the issue given to the population, and results and conclusions will be provided to the Department of Crisis Management of the South Bohemian Regional Authority.
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