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Entrepreneurship during pandemics and crises in the context of gender inequalities. Policy brief.
Švarcová, Markéta ; Pospíšilová, Marie
Whether the pandemic can be perceived as an opportunity to reduce gender inequality in entrepreneurship was the main question of the participatory workshop that we organized at the Institute of Sociology on March 13, 2024. The discussion during the participatory workshop focused on the barriers that women entrepreneurs face, the tools they can use to overcome them, the introduction of a attendance allowance for entrepreneurs, and the availability and usability of gender-disaggregated data. This policy brief write down the views of relevant stakeholders in the business sector on the topic of eliminating gender inequalities in the entrepreneurship that were expressed during the workshop.
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Care for Seniors at Home
TROJÁKOVÁ, Jitka
This thesis deals with problems of taking care about elderly people in domestic surroundings. The work gives an account of experience of people who look after an elderly person in domestic surroundings. The thesis consists of two parts. The first theoretical part is divided into five chapters. In Chapter One the concepts of old age and aging are explained. Next the needs of old age are discussed. Then changes brought about by aging are summarized. Chapter Two explains the importance and role of family in old people's lives. The concept of carer is specified, mainly who can become a carer and what conditions this person should meet. Next, principles of caring for elderly people at home and problems that might arise are discussed. In addition the care for the carer is discussed, what a caring person should do to make their situation easier. Chapter Three gives an overview of support equipment that can be used at home. Chapter Four deals with legal measures related to caring for an elderly relative at home and with the concept of attendance allowance - who is entitled to it, how the level of necessary support is assessed and how much the benefit is. Next equipment and mobility benefits are explained. Last chapter gives a summary of social services that carers can make use of. The other empirical part of this thesis focuses on practical experience of people who care for an elderly person at home. The main question was "What are the factors affecting the care for an elderly person at home?" This question consisted of four partial questions "What does caring for an elderly person include?" "What does a day of a caring person look like?" "What makes caring easier?" "What social services do the carer and the elderly person use?" I choose the method of qualitative research for collecting data. I asked questions and used the technique of semi structured interview. The research group represented four people caring for an elderly relative at home. Each carer had been looking after the elderly relative for at least six months, each elderly person was receiving second level attendance benefit and each carer was willing to cooperate. The information I obtained was processed by the cluster method and then evaluated on the basis of common elements and lastly divided according the four partial research questions. The research answered all the questions. The carers and elderly people were relatives. The carers provided all sort of activities basic health treatment, household chores, handling official issues. Next I focused on health care. It has turned out that all the elderly people except one have a general practitioner in the place where they live and see them according to their current state of health in the accompaniment of the carer. To see a specialist, they usually have to travel about 90 kilometres. The next research question referred to the daily routine of the carer. The research has shown that each day of a carer is the same and that all activities are tailored to the needs of the elderly person. The carers do not have any free time for themselves. As for support equipment for homecare. The next question was whether and if so what social services do the carers use. The research has shown that the carers do not use any social services even though they know this possibility exists. The carers knew about attendance allowance from social workers, general practitioners or colleagues. They use this allowance in different ways for buying medicine, support equipment. In two cases the carers put the allowance money aside. All the respondents know about the mobility allowance, only one of them knows about the allowance for special aids.
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Entitlement to Attendance Allowance and control process over its usage in people aged 18 and over.
STANKOVÁ, Jana
The thesis deals with attendance allowance and the control process over its usage in people aged 18 and over. Process of entitlement for attendance allowance is governed by the Act on Social Services. Attendance allowance is provided to people who, because of long-term adverse health condition, need assistance of another individual to care for them and to ensure their self-sufficiency. The purpose of this benefit is to enable the entitled person to ensure care and choose the provider of necessary assistance through providers of social services or related person. Local authority decides specified degree of dependence and also carries out checks of usage of the benefit. A proposal to amend the Act is currently being discussed with the aim to adjust the system of social services in a way to take into account findings from practice, in particular in the area of clear conditions of entitlement and use of the attendance allowance. The objective of the thesis is to find out impacts of upcoming changes in recipients of attendance allowance in the 1st degree of dependence and to make a survey of experience of social workers with checks of usage of the benefit. To achieve the objective a questioning method was used, the technique of semi-structured interview, secondary analysis of data and participant observation. The research has shown that in recipients in 1st degree of dependence the attendance allowance is paid in the amount which does not correspond to actual costs incurred to provide the assistance. It can therefore be assumed that reduction in the allowance would not endanger provision of necessary care. Interest in social services is not likely to increase by payment of the allowance in 1st degree of dependence by means of vouchers. Futhermore, it was found out that there are not any explicit methodical guidelines which would describe implementation of controls over usage of the allowance. More specific definition of control activities would enable to carry out controls more effectively and transparently. Implementation of more controls is possible only under the condition of increasing staff numbers of administrative authorities.
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The current situation of Social Services, comparation with the legal adjustment after January 1,2007.
SERBUSOVÁ, Martina
{\clqq}Everyone is equal before the law{\crqq} which applies also for the field of social services since 1st January 2007 because after many years of preparatory stages Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services entered in force. This act having been passed means a break through moment for social workers, social services providers as well as for the citizens and beneficiaries of social benefits and services. The paper is divided in a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part I dealt with the development of social services, introduction of the new Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services into our social system and I compared the allowance for attendance of a next of kin or other person according to Act n. 100/1998 Sb. On Social Welfare and the attendance allowance according to Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services. In the practical part I concentrated solely on the attendance allowance since, according to my point of view, this is the greatest change the new Act On Social Services brought about and it plays a very important part in this field. The research was carried out using the questionnaire research method. The questionnaire was filled out by social workers employed in the attendance allowance department at local authorities of communities with extended powers in South Bohemia. 57 questionnaires were handed out, 48 of which were in total used for the paper. Graphs were used to evaluate the research part. The goal of the paper was the assessment using the SWOT analysis of the allowance for attendance of a next of kin or other person according to Act n. 100/1998 Sb. On Social Welfare and the attendance allowance according to Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services. Regarding this goal the following hypothesis was set: Social workers consider the attendance allowance according to Act n. 108/2006 Sb. On Social Services offering more strong points and more opportunities than the allowance for attendance of a next of kin or other person according to Act n. 100/1998 Sb. On Social Welfare. Results of the carried out research confirm this hypothesis. In spite of other problems that are to be dealt with in connection with this Act, we can presume that the introduction of the attendance allowance into the system of social services was and shall be the right step.
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