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Antituberculotic susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
SUCHÁ, Denisa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first described by a German physician and microbiologist Robert Koch in the year 1882. It is an obligate pathogen, which causes a very serious infectious disease - tuberculosis. This disease is an important epidemiological problem all over the world. It is necessary to diagnose all the clinical cases of the disease, isolate the patiens and apply an adequate treatment to reduce the incidence of the disease and to prevent its spread. Essential for the diagnosis of tuberculosis is a confirmation by cultivation, i.e. isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical specimens, exact identification of the isolates and antitubercular drug susceptibility testing. The theme of this thesis was to determine the susceptibility to the basic anti-tubercular agents (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide). The theoretical part provides an overview of susceptibility testing methods. A group of 275 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from January 2008 to June 2013 from clinical specimens, in the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, the Laboratory for Diagnosis of Mycobacteria was examined within the practical part. The susceptibility to antitubercular drugs was tested in all the isolates by two methods the proportion method (Canetti, 1963) and the method in semi-closed system BACTEC? MGITÔ 960. The results showed 100% concordance between both methods. The resistance was proved to at least one of the basic antitubercular drugs in 24 of tested isolates. The file was also evaluated from the demographical and epidemiological point of view. There was a higher incidence of tuberculosis among men (75% men and 25% women). In terms of age, the highest incidence has been shown between 40 and 60 years of age. The percentage of foreigners in the investigated group was 30 %. The Czech Republic is a country with a low incidence of tuberculosis,however, this situation can not be underestimated, if only due to the fact that there is a constant migration of people into the Czech Republic from the countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis and its drug-resistant strains.
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