|
|
Isolation and characterization of natural antimycotics and their potential applications
Dvořáková, Eva ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on preparation and characterization of products containing natural antimycotic ingredients. The theoretical part summarizes the current issue of increased presence of mycoses and yeast diseases in connection with the extension of the problem of reduced immunity. Furthermore, the problem of synthetic drugs and antimycotics compared to alternatives of natural origin was described. In the experimental part, selected extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and lipidic) were prepared, characterized and subsequently encapsulated into liposomes. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids and the total antioxidant activity of extracts was measured. In liposomes, the encapsulation efficiency, size, stability and long-term stability were measured. In addition, the antimycotic activity of individual extracts and liposomes against Candida glabrata was studied. For comparison, the antifungal activity of the commercial drug clotrimazole was also tested. Lipidic extracts showed highest antimycotic activity from all of the prepared extracts, which is why these extracts were used to prepare antifungal gels and suppositories. More specifically, lipidic extracts of nasturcium, cinnamon, ginger and liposomes containing them were used. Their antimycotic activity was also tested and confirmed for these preparations. Finally, the cytotoxicity test on the HaCaT human cell line showed that used extracts and liposome particles are safe and that the prepared products could thus serve as an alternative to synthetically prepared antimycotics in the future.
|
|
|
Application of natural antibiotics components in hygienic gels
Kubišová, Veronika ; Pavelková, Renata (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on the preparation and characterization of gels containing a natural component exhibiting an antifungal effect. A part of this work was the research, which was focused on the description of superficial and systemic fungal diseases, antifungal drugs and plant products with a potential antifungal effect. Moreover, biologically active substances found in selected plants was described. Liposome particles that were part of the experimental part were also described and characterized. Considering the subject of this thesis was the preparation of antifungal gel, the basic characteristics of gels such as their drug delivery systems were described. Descriptions of basic methods for the determination of active substances and antifungal activity were not omitted. In the experimental part, three types of extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and lipidic) were prepared from selected plants, which were subsequntly characterized. Also, all kinds of prepared extracts were encapsulated into liposome particles, in which encapsulation efficiency, size and stability by electrokinetic potential were subsequently determined. Prepared extracts in free and encapsulated form were tested for antifungal activity, when testing was performed on Candida glabrata yeast. Moreover, the antimycotic effect of these natural substances was compared with a commercially available antifungal drug, where the drug was also tested in free and encapsulated form. Extracts in which higher active compound content and higher percent inhibitory activity of C. glabrata cells were determined were selected for incorporation into the prepared gels. The result of this work are natural-based gels that could be used to treat infectious fungal diseases. An example of a prepared gel is a gel containing a lipidic extract of marigold or containing liposomes prepared from a lipidic extract of elm pincushion.
|
|
|
Evaluation of activity of potentional antimycotic substances through the use of microdilution broth method III
Zavřelová, Alena ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of thesis: Evalution of activity of potentional antimycotic substances through the use of microdilution broth method III Autor of thesis: Alena Zavřelová Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Background: The aim of this thesis, due to the growing incidence of fungal diseases and the growing incidence of resistance, was to determine the activity of potentially antimycotic active substances. We tested newly synthesized compoused, structurally based on the substance of pyrazinamide which is significant antituberculotic. Methods: Testing of substances was carried out using a broth microdilution method on eight strains of pathogenic fungi consisting of five yeast strains: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon asahii and three strains of filamentous fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Results: From the range of tested concentrations and from the total number of the thirty tested substances, the most noticeable antifungal aktivity was revealed in the substance of 5-methyl-6-(2-phenylhydrazinyl)pyrazine-2,3- dicarbonitrile. All strains, except Trichophyton mentagrophytes strain, showed a relatively...
|
|
|
In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II
Comová, Kateřina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Kateřina Comová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II Key words: yeasts, fungi, antimycotics, resistance, microdilution broth metod, minimal inhibition concentration. The main focus of this thesis is on antifungal resistance and the mechanism of action of selected antifungal agents. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a general overview of the characteristics of microscopic fungi and the diseases they cause. Attention is also paid to antifungal agents that are commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections, as well as those that are currently at various stages of clinical trials. This ties in with the mechanism of action of these compounds, which is also described here. The theoretical part also summarizes the development and principles of antifungal resistance. The theoretical part concludes with the description of the methods used in the determination of in vitro susceptibility of fungal agents to antifungals. The practical part of the thesis describes the procedure of the quantitative broth microdilution method, which...
|
|
|
Application of natural antibiotics components in hygienic gels
Kubišová, Veronika ; Pavelková, Renata (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on the preparation and characterization of gels containing a natural component exhibiting an antifungal effect. A part of this work was the research, which was focused on the description of superficial and systemic fungal diseases, antifungal drugs and plant products with a potential antifungal effect. Moreover, biologically active substances found in selected plants was described. Liposome particles that were part of the experimental part were also described and characterized. Considering the subject of this thesis was the preparation of antifungal gel, the basic characteristics of gels such as their drug delivery systems were described. Descriptions of basic methods for the determination of active substances and antifungal activity were not omitted. In the experimental part, three types of extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and lipidic) were prepared from selected plants, which were subsequntly characterized. Also, all kinds of prepared extracts were encapsulated into liposome particles, in which encapsulation efficiency, size and stability by electrokinetic potential were subsequently determined. Prepared extracts in free and encapsulated form were tested for antifungal activity, when testing was performed on Candida glabrata yeast. Moreover, the antimycotic effect of these natural substances was compared with a commercially available antifungal drug, where the drug was also tested in free and encapsulated form. Extracts in which higher active compound content and higher percent inhibitory activity of C. glabrata cells were determined were selected for incorporation into the prepared gels. The result of this work are natural-based gels that could be used to treat infectious fungal diseases. An example of a prepared gel is a gel containing a lipidic extract of marigold or containing liposomes prepared from a lipidic extract of elm pincushion.
|
|
|
In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds III
Janků, Aneta ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Aneta Janků Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds III Key words: yeasts, moulds, antimycotics, mechanism of action of polyenes, microdilution broth method, MIC - minimal inhibition concentration. The main topic of this diploma thesis is in vitro screening of new, potentially active antifungal compounds. The introductory chapter in the theoretical part of the work is devoted to the epidemiology of fungal infections. The classification of micromycetes and the characteristics of the fungal eukaryotic cell are given below, focusing on composition of the plasma membrane and the cell wall. A separate chapter also deals with specific species of fungi and the diseases they cause. The main topic is drugs from the group of antifungals, where more attention is focused on polyene antifungals, their mechanism of action in detail and the emergence of resistance. An integral part are also the stages of development of new drugs and a list of novels developing antifungals. The final chapter describes the types of methods designed for in vitro evaluation...
|
|
|
In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II
Comová, Kateřina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Kateřina Comová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II Key words: yeasts, fungi, antimycotics, resistance, microdilution broth metod, minimal inhibition concentration. The main focus of this thesis is on antifungal resistance and the mechanism of action of selected antifungal agents. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a general overview of the characteristics of microscopic fungi and the diseases they cause. Attention is also paid to antifungal agents that are commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections, as well as those that are currently at various stages of clinical trials. This ties in with the mechanism of action of these compounds, which is also described here. The theoretical part also summarizes the development and principles of antifungal resistance. The theoretical part concludes with the description of the methods used in the determination of in vitro susceptibility of fungal agents to antifungals. The practical part of the thesis describes the procedure of the quantitative broth microdilution method, which...
|
|
|
Isolation and characterization of natural antimycotics and their potential applications
Dvořáková, Eva ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This bachelor thesis was focused on preparation and characterization of products containing natural antimycotic ingredients. The theoretical part summarizes the current issue of increased presence of mycoses and yeast diseases in connection with the extension of the problem of reduced immunity. Furthermore, the problem of synthetic drugs and antimycotics compared to alternatives of natural origin was described. In the experimental part, selected extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and lipidic) were prepared, characterized and subsequently encapsulated into liposomes. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids and the total antioxidant activity of extracts was measured. In liposomes, the encapsulation efficiency, size, stability and long-term stability were measured. In addition, the antimycotic activity of individual extracts and liposomes against Candida glabrata was studied. For comparison, the antifungal activity of the commercial drug clotrimazole was also tested. Lipidic extracts showed highest antimycotic activity from all of the prepared extracts, which is why these extracts were used to prepare antifungal gels and suppositories. More specifically, lipidic extracts of nasturcium, cinnamon, ginger and liposomes containing them were used. Their antimycotic activity was also tested and confirmed for these preparations. Finally, the cytotoxicity test on the HaCaT human cell line showed that used extracts and liposome particles are safe and that the prepared products could thus serve as an alternative to synthetically prepared antimycotics in the future.
|
|
|
Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method
Ťapuchová, Ivana ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Charles University in Prague Author: Ivana Ťapuchová Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate potential antifungal activity of 52 test substances which were develope at the Department of anorganic and organic chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Charles University in Prague. Methods: For testing we used microdilution broth method on eight strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi in the laboratory of Department of Biological and Medical Sciences. Results: Overall 26 test substances with various substituents had antifungal activity. These substances was derivates of 4-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid and large group derivates of sulfonamids. The most sensitive strain was dermatophyt Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the least sensitive strain was filamentous fungi Absidia corymbifera. Conclusions: Despite there was observed antifungal activity in low concentrations of derivates, it is necessary to perform next tests and clinical studies to prove efficiency and safety for use. Key words: yeasts,...
|
|
|
Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method
Drnková, Nela ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Nela Drnková Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of activity of potencial antifungal substances trought the use of microdilution broth method Background: The aim of this thesis was evaluation of antifungal activity of 70 substances trought the use of microdilution broth method. Substances for testing were synthesized at the Faculty of Pharmacy and they were divided into 5 groups based on chemical structure. Methods: The microdilution broth method was used for testing. The antifungal activity of substances was tested on 8 strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi: Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, Trichosporon asahii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera a Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Results: The most active substances were in group of salicylanilide N- monosubstituted and N,N-disubstituted carbamates and thiocarbamates. The most effective substances were SAL-1L, SAL-1M, SAL-1N. They were effective on Trichophyton mentagrophytes already at concentration of 1,95 µmol.l-1 . The widest spectrum had substance GP-137, it inhibited the growth of all tested strains, but only at high concentrations. Rhodamine...
|
guest ::
