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Nursing care of patients with pressure ulcers
ŠERIOVÁ, Martina
This dissertation deals with nursing care issues relating to patients with pressure ulcers. The presented topic is quite actual these days, because the number of bedridden patients is constantly increasing, in which the potential risk of the formation of pressure ulcers arise. "Decubitus ulcer is a bedsore, which arises as a consequence of pathological pressure on the predilection place." (Pejznochová, 2010, p. 23). Mostly immobile patients suffer from this disease. Pressure ulcers can be prevented by regular adjust or with anti-decubitus aids. The treating of already existing pressure ulcer today is preferably with the use of modern therapy, the so-called "wet treatment". This dissertation is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part outlines the formation issue and the assessment of pressure ulcers, the most common place of origin, the defect rating scale, the importance of prevention and subsequent treatment of pressure ulcers. And finally, it describes how the treatment of pressure ulcers is done in hospitals and home care agencies. Two goals were set for the practical part, to describe new methods in the treatment of pressure ulcers and to compare options in the treatment of pressure ulcers in hospitals and home care agencies. To achieve the set goals, a qualitative research was used, which was performed through interviews with nurses from inpatient ward of the hospital of Czech Budejovice, as well as with the nurses from the City Charity in Czech Budejovice and nurses of nursing home care and nursing services ALICE in Czech Budejovice. When interviews were making, two sets of questions were prepared. The research group was consisted of 11 respondents. The respondents came from the dermal ward, ward of internal medicine and aftercare ward. These respondents were identified as respondents under No. 1 to 4. The nurses of home nursing care agencies were signified as respondents from No. 5 to 11. This selection of respondents enables to compare the specific patient care on the wards and in home care agencies. The data were collected from February to March 2013. At the beginning of the research project, five research questions related to the. The first question was concerned of new ways in the treatment of pressure ulcers. The second focused on the nursing care of a patient with pressure ulcers in hospitals. The third question examined the area of nursing care for patients with pressure ulcers in home care agencies. The last two questions were focused on the use of surgical dressings for the treatment of pressure ulcers in hospitals and home care agencies. Based on the survey, it was found that in both institutions proper prevention is ensured, which means the client positioning, nutrition, hygiene and the use of anti-decubitus aids. The research showed the original relieving aids were often replaced by blankets and pillows, as these tools are the more available and fulfil its purpose. The use of surgical dressings on patient units and home care agencies, there is a predominant use of moist therapy and appropriate therapy materials for this purpose. In therapy, this method is considered to be better, because it accelerates the healing of the defect, less surgical dressings are needed and they are less painful for the client. The evaluation of nurses showed that the majority of nurses in home care agencies believe that the agencies are providing better care than in hospital. Certainly nurses from inpatient department think the opposite. Except one respondent, all of the others regularly attend professional seminars, where, within these seminars, new materials and methods of treatment are presented to them. The work will be used for improvements in nursing care of patients with pressure ulcers and will serve as a study material for students in medical fields.
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