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Saturation of patient needs during acute admission to a surgical ward
JIRÁČKOVÁ, Anna
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of satisfying the needs of a patient acutely admitted to a surgical department. The research focused on feelings and perceptions in the area of satiration of the needs of acutely admitted patients, but also on the view of the nursing staff, who saturate the needs of acutely admitted patients. We investigated whether the patient is perceived as a holistic being, and what problems the nursing staff most often faces during the saturation of the needs of an acutely admitted patient. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the structure of the patient's admission to a hospital facility, and specifies human needs and factors that affect them. In the empirical part, the methodology and results of the research methods used are presented. For the empirical part of the thesis, quantitative and qualitative research was chosen. As part of the quantitative research, a questionnaire was compiled addressing nurses working in surgical outpatient departments or nurses who perform acute admission of patients in surgical wards. The information obtained through the questionnaire survey approximated the opinion of nurses on the saturation of the needs of acutely admitted patients and partly on the working conditions of nursing staff in the surgical department. Methods of semi-structured interview and covert observation were used for qualitative research. Interviews were conducted with acutely admitted patients who were hospitalized after unplanned treatment in the surgical department. Patients were informed about the use of the information obtained and had to give their consent to conduct the interviews. The results of quantitative research have shown that nurses prioritize satisfying the basic (biological) needs of patients, and higher (psychosocial) needs are provided as secondary. The thesis also points out that in many cases nurses act through established competencies. In the interview, the nursing staff mostly said that they would like to have more time for the patient. We also found that most nurses have at least one experience with providing for an urgently admitted patient in one person, and pain relief in an acute admission comes more often from nurses than from doctors. Although nurses cited more staff as the primary factor that would help them reduce stress levels while satisfying the patient's needs. When testing hypotheses, it turned out that the impossibility of satisfying the patient's needs is not related to the working conditions of the nursing staff. The qualitative results of the research answered that patients are unable to assess the validity of the nursing interventions performed during their acute admission. However, the quality of nursing care was most often deduced from the level of communication of the staff, information, reactions to expressed concerns, calm approach, etc. We have found that patients who have previous experience with hospitalization are affected by the experience and often bring negative fears about upcoming hospitalization. Covert observation supported the results obtained from the methods already mentioned. It shows that nurses primarily provided physiological needs in all outpatient departments and surgical wards. And only then did they saturate the psychosocial needs. Nurses satiated the needs of patients both according to the doctor's office and independently, acting as an autonomous part of a multidisciplinary medical team. The results of the diploma thesis could contribute to the improvement of care in the acute admission of the patient, and serve as a possible algorithm for the admission of the patient in the form of a brochure. The thesis can be processed as a teaching material within the framework of lifelong learning for medical staff working not only in emergency departments.
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