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Sources of error in interpretation of blood gas analysis: Current acid-base models of plasma
Krbec, Martin ; Duška, František (advisor) ; Jabor, Antonín (referee) ; Caironi, Pietro (referee)
Sources of error in interpretation of blood gas analysis: Current acid-base models of plasma Abstract of Doctoral thesis Martin Krbec Introduction. Evaluation of acid-base status is an essential tool used by clinicians to guide therapy in a wide range of conditions. Of all biological fluids, in which the acid-base equilibrium has been studied, isolated plasma is the best described one. For its evaluation, two main approaches have been developed: One is the traditional bicarbonate-centered school based the work of Henderson, Hasselbalch, van Slyke, and Siggaard-Andersen. The other is the quantitative physicochemical approach invented by Stewart and further developed by Staempfli and Constable or Figge and Fencl. Each of the mentioned models uses a set of constants for characterizing the behavior of non-carbonic buffers (proteins and phosphates) in plasma, the value of which is crucial for precise calculation of derived parameters. The values of the constants used by the Stewart model, i.e., the total weak nonvolatile acid concentration (Atot) and its dissociation constant (pKa), have only been experimentally determined once in a group of 8 healthy volunteers. Our aim was to experimentally determine the value of these constants in healthy volunteers and, for the first time ever, in two populations of...
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The issues of biological material collection in nursing.
RAJTMAJEROVÁ, Eliška
The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis deals with biological material collection, especially with capillary blood collection for examination both of glycemia level and acid-base balance. The theoretical part is based on an analysis of information sources concerning the topic of biological material collection. The aim set for the bachelor thesis was to find out the specifics of capillary blood collection according to the habits of a particular department. According to the set aim, two research questions were determined, which are: What are the most frequented problems influencing capillary blood collection? What factors, according to the nurses´ opinion, can influence a result of capillary blood examination? Results in the empiric part of the bachelor thesis were processed through a qualitative research using a method of half-structured interviews. The selection of nurses was intentional, nurses from surgical, internal or paediatric departments were selected. The aim was fulfilled and the research questions answered. The results obtained from nurses´ answers were categorised and processed. The outcome from the nurses´ answers show that the most frequented problems that influence results of capillary blood examinations are: a wrong depth of a puncture, wrong usage of disinfects, pressing a finger from which blood is collected as well as a presence of some air in a capillary during capillary blood collection for acid-base balance examination. Further factors obtained from nurses which can influence results of capillary blood examination follow: wrong perfusion of the place of collection, wrong hydration, unsuitable patient´s information or a wrong manipulation with a collected sample during transportation. It is important for nurses to know which factors and problems can influence results of capillary blood examination and thus be able to avoid them. Therefore I would recommend more seminars and lectures for nurses and other medical personnel about the issues of the specifics of capillary blood collection. This bachelor thesis can be used by students of medical fields of study for enlarging information about capillary blood collection and better understanding of the importance of proper capillary blood collection.
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