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The Specific of Nursing Care in Patient Undergoing the Examination of Bone Marrow
ČOUDKOVÁ, Marie
Haematology is a medical field. It is the study ofblood cells. It studies blood cells from the point of their morphology, quantity and function. The clinical haematology focuses on the irregularities in a patient´s blood and studies how the irregularitiesdiffer from the patient´s normal physiological condition. Due to this work haematology can help with diagnosis of other diseases. In haematology many investigative methods are used. One of them is aspiration and biopsy of bone marrow which is a hematopoietic tissue daily producing a large number of blood cells. Unless the formation of blood cells is sufficient enough, the disabled person may be at risk of their life. When the function of bone marrow is affected the patient may be impinged by serious infections, anemia risk or bleeding tendency. Bone marrow is examined for suspicion of haematological or oncology illnesses. Therefore, it has a very important rolein diagnosis of these. It is performed bya prolonged fever, mainly among the people who have a bad immune system. For blood collection are used investigative methodswhich consist ofaspiration and percutaneous bone marrow biopsy. These physical examinations provide some pieces of information about the condition and the ability of the blood cells´ production of bone marrow. Very important part of this physical examination is a specific nursing care. This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the specific nursing care of the patients who undergo the examinations of bone marrow. This thesis mainly includes the methods of bone marrow harvest, how the patients are informed about the examination of bone marrow,the patients´ nursing care after the operation and the role of a nurse at the haematological ward. The introduction of the theoretical part involves physiology of bone marrow and the study of haematology. The other parts discuss indication for bone marrow examination, haematological and oncological illnesses, bone marrow aspiration or percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow. The large part of the thesis deals with bone marrow aspiration, the process of the operation and the nursing care. It also focuses on percutaneous biopsy of marrow bone where the meaning of the examination and the process of bone marrow harvest operation are explained. At the end of the theoretical part a collection of hematopoietic stem cells from particular peripheral blood in mentioned. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out certain specifics of nursing care of the patients who undergo the examination of bone marrow. The following research questions were selected: What are the specifics of nursing care of the patients who undergo trepanobiopsy? What are the specifics of the patients who undergo aspiration (sternal puncture)? What are a preparation and assistance of a nurse during the examination of bone marrow? Which roles does the nurse have during the examination of bone marrow? How are the patients informed about the bone marrowexamination? The practical part includes results from a quantitative survey which was a semi-structured interview. The resulting interviews were written and then were processed by a certified coding technique. The research group comprised six nurses working in the haematological ward and six patients who have undergone the examination of bone marrow. Regarding the gathered results, an information brochure was put forward as a part of the thesis (see Annex number 5) and was oriented especially at patients undergoing the bone marrow examination. The brochure will be proposed for practical use at haematological wards.
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Nursing care for sucklings and toddlers with diarrheal disease
KYLIANOVÁ, Alena
Abstract Diarrhoeal diseases in infants and toddlers represent a frequent and serious problem. A more severe course of a diarrhoeal disease and its complications lead to hospitalization of a child patient. Clinical manifestations of diarrhoeal diseases are particularly thin, watery and frequent stools. Other usual accompanying symptoms are vomiting and increased or high body temperature. In such little patients dehydration may occur within a short period of time. Severe dehydration can lead to death. Appropriate and quality nursing care is very important. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to answer the research question: What is the level of knowledge of nursing care standards in nurses dealing with infants and toddlers with diarrhoeal diseases in hospitals? The theoretical section of the bachelor thesis deals with causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diarrhoeal disease in infants and toddlers. The most common nursing issues are also mentioned. In the study the nursing care provided through the nursing process is surveyed. The patients´ needs and their proper education are discussed. In conclusion of the study the issue of a nursing standard is analyzed. The survey was carried out using anonymous questionnaires. The respondents of the research study were nurses working on three pediatric departments and one infectious department. The obtained results are summarized in graphs and tables. The results analysis has shown that nurses involved in the survey provide a high quality and good nursing care regardless of their education and the length of experience. Furthermore, the results showed: the respondents working at a department where a nursing care standard was developed know and apply the standard and only propose to supplement this standard by the issue of oral rehydration. According to the responding nurses, the standard was not lacked in departments where it had not been developed. Based on the obtained results, nursing procedures and standards of nursing care in oral rehydration in infants and toddlers with diarrhoeal disease were worked out.
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