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Radiotherapy of Benign Diseases
BARTOŠOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor's thesis deals with current indications of non-cancer radiotherapy and methods of their implementation, including the sources of ionizing radiation used. Non-cancer therapy has been used for over 100 years. Treatment with ionizing radiation in non-cancer diseases brings the expected effect, risk is very small due to the low doses used. Another advantage of this therapy is also simpler irradiation techniques, often we can only make do with one or two input fields. The main principles include the application of the smallest and most effective individual and total doses of radiation with maximum investigation of surrounding healthy tissues. The introduction of the theoretical part contains a brief overview of information on non-cancer radiotherapy and clarifies the non-cancer diseases affected by ionizing radiation treatment. Furthermore, there is characterized by an X-ray machine and general information about X-ray therapy and the method of application of radiation. The second part of the thesis, i.e. the practical part, focuses on the therapy of the heel spurs, or calcar calcanei, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of X-ray therapy after its completion. Respondents are patients who have been irradiated for pat pain with calcar calcanei diagnosis at the Oncology Department of The Hospital České Budějovice a.s. in the period 2019-2020. In this work were used a quantitative type of research investigation and anonymized data from the patient register of the Oncology Department of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. The overall concept of this bachelor's thesis can serve as study material for students of higher education institutions in the field of radiological assistant and for the creation of an information leaflet for future patients or for the general public.
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The present of nonmalignant radiotherapy
DIBELKOVÁ, Stanislava
Non-malignant radiotherapy is medical exposure, which is done with benign disease after exhausting all other standard treatments. Its goal is relief from problems caused by benign disease, or prevents deterioration of function of the affected organ. The main difference between the radiation treatments of malignant versus non-malignant diseases is in the size of the received dose and irradiation techniques. For irradiation of malignant diseases, often approaching tissue tolerance doses, while those used in non-malignant radiation therapy are significantly lower. These results in simpler techniques of irradiation, often get by with one or two input fields. The main principle of non-malignant radiotherapy is applied as the smallest and most effective individual and total dose into the smallest possible volume of tissue, then use simple techniques (direct one field, or two opposite), if necessary, take the form of individual treatment of irradiated fields, focus the radiation beam from the body of the patient from a radiosensitive organs, using all methods of radiation protection (for example lead shielding of the testes in men, lead collar on the neck, etc.), patient age should not be less than 40 years, younger patients should be treated like this after considering the benefits relation to the possible consequences. The patient is sent to the radiotherapy on the advice of another field. Indication for radiotherapy is entirely the responsibility of the radiation oncologist. Prescriber physician recommendation states that it is a state in which all other treatment methods are exhausted or not applicable. The physician takes into account contraindications treatment, the overall condition of the patient and his age. The patient is on treatment and possible side effects informed by the doctor before starting treatment with signed informed consent to treatment. To indicate a treatment planning is necessary history and other investigations in relation to the disease. After completion of radiotherapy department of radiation oncology ensures borreliosis acute flare reaction. The department will evaluate whether the radiation prescription and treatment plan followed. The patient is a report on the treatment handed over to the care of the sending physician. In this thesis is the research question: Causes the development of therapeutic modalities reduction of treatments of nonmalignant radiotherapy? To answer this research question was obtained data from the archive and irradiation protocols of radiotherapy departments of hospitals in the České Budějovice and in the Jihlava. It was the data of non-malignant indications for radiotherapy conducted in 1979, 1980, 2012 and 2013, irradiation parameters and techniques. In the České Budějovice in 1979-1980 were treated 1471 patients and 854 patients in Jihlava. In 2012-2013, it was only 793 patients in the České Budějovice, which is 48.4% less. In the same period in Jihlava it was 413 patients which mean about 53.9% less. Techniques irradiation in both hospitals significantly differed mainly in the fractionation, the size of individual and total dose varies in the manner of filtration volume. Although the indications for non-cancer radiotherapy declining, it still has for its final effect irreplaceable role.
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