|
|
Aplikace molekulárních markerů u pšenice s nestandardním zbarvením obilky
Pospiš, Matěj
In recent decades the interest of wheat with non-standard discoloration of caryopsis has increased, because of its positive impacts on health. The pigments anthocyanins, which are included in the protective layer of grain, have antioxidant effects. A group of genotypes from Agrotest fyto Ltd. Kroměříž was chosen which consisted of eighteen samples of wheat with non-standard discoloration of caryopsis. Fourteen samples were blue (aleuron), tree yellow (endosperm) and one sample had a red (pericarp). By these samples PCR-based analyses were performed to detect the Waxy gene zero allele, the Glu-A3 glutenin locus and the hardness of grain by puroindoline genes. These parameters are significant indicators of wheat quality. By all genotypes the presence of allele Pina-D1a/b was detected and by a few the allele Pinb-D1a/c/d. These detected alleles, which are included in the analyzed wheat, should be sorted to the hardness wheats because they are suitable for baking purposes. The identified material (V1 104 15), a so-called waxy genotype, was positive in the presence of all three zero alleles in the Waxy gene. Similar lines were used in Asia for the preparation of pastas. At the locus Glu-A3, the Glu-A3d allele was detected in all tested genotypes. Along with this, Glu-A3f was founded in some genotypes. These alleles have a positive effect on dough quality, especially on ductility. The results will be used for further breeding work.
|
|
|
Využití DNA markerů u pšenice s nestandartním zbarvením obilky
Pečinková, Jana
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in better and healthier food, a lot of attention is focussed on colored wheat with high anthocyanin content. The positive effect of anthocyanins is their antioxidant effects which has been demonstrated in many studies. On this basis, there is effort to breed new wheat varietes with non-standard coloration of the grain. From a collection of genotypes provided from Agrotest Fyto Kroměříž Ltd. Sixteen genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with purple pericarp and two genotypes with red grains used as standard controls were analyzed. PCR-based analyses were performed using specific primers. The Pin protein alleles (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) were detected affecting the kernel hardness. Nearly half of the samples did not form the PCR product for Pinb-D1 locus and the rest of genotypes shower genetic predisposition for hardness grain. Further analyzes were performed on the detection of null alleles of the Waxy genes. Any null alleles were found in selected genotypes. An important part of baking quality is low molecular weight glutenins, labeled with Glu-A3 locus with high allelic variability. Glu-A3d and Glu-A3f alleles were detected in analyzed samples, which may have these genotypes as required for baking purposes.
|
|
|
Identifikace alel pro zásobní proteiny obilky tritikale pomocí DNA markerů
Svojsíková, Nikola
Triticale belongs to the amphiploid cereals and was derived by crossing wheat and rye. Its baking quality is substantially worse than in wheat. The baking quality is determined by a composition and a content of the storage proteins. Both high and low molecular glutenin subunits have a major effect on the final quality of dough. The secalins of rye belong amongst the storage proteins of triticale, which negatively influence the baking quality. These are the reasons why lineages having translocated chromosome 1R and containing subunit Glu-D1d, which positively influences the baking quality, were created. The thesis is focused on identification of the allelic composition of loci of high molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), low molecular glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), loci Pina a Pinb and null alleles of Waxy genes. 23 selected genotypes of triticale were analysed by using DNA markers based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allelic composition of loci HMW-GS (Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1), LMW-GS (Glu-A3) and Pina-D1, Pinb-D1 was described and null alleles were detected in the loci Wx-A1 and Wx-B1.
|
|
|
Studium variability DNA pšenice
Pečinková, Jana
Common wheat is one of the most important agricultural plants, their use is not only feeding, but especially in the food industry. In recent years, great interest is focused on the wheat caryopsis unusual coloration, e.g. purple yellow and blue. This coloring is caused by natural dyes, which have evidently positive impact on living organisms. Therefore, the aim is to use colored wheat also in human nutrition. This work is focused on the detection of allelic composition at loci Glu-A3, Pina, Pinb and null allele's Waxy genes, using molecular markers based on PCR. Bread-making quality depends on the composition of storage proteins, glutenins and gliadins and their rate. It is important to the starch content in caryopses and the ratio of amylose and amylopectin. Milling, resp. feeding quality is affected by the hardness of wheat caryopses. Using molecular analysis in 13 genotypes with white (1 genotype), purple pericarp (8), yellow endosperm (4) has been described allelic variation at the locus Glu-A3, Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1, and null alleles at locus Wx-B1 were detected. The obtained results can be used in wheat breed-ing with an unusual coloration of kernels.
|
|
|
Analýza polymorfizmu DNA pšenice
Pospiš, Matěj
Common wheat is the most important and widespread agriculture plant. It is used mainly in bakery industry, or as fodder and it is the major human nutrition source. Its genotypes cause different kinds of wheat colouring: blue, purple, yellow or white. This colouring is caused by anthocyanins with antioxidant effects. The positive influence of these antioxidants on human are considered to be healthy. Summer and winter wheat samples with white caryopsis (Novosibirskaja 67 and Heroldo) and blue aleurone (UC66049, Tschermaks Blaukörniger Sommerweizen, Tschermaks Blaukörniger, 48M, Skorpion, RU 440-6, RU 440-5, Barevna 9, Barevna 25, Xiao Yian, EF 02-54/9 and H 90-15-2) were chosen for the analysis. These samples were taken from Agrofest fyto Kroměříž s.r.o collection. DNA was isolated after these samples germination and the analysis was done on the basic of DNA polymorphism based on PCR reaction. There were three observed features: Locuses Glu-A3 for gluten low-molecular subunits which influence baking quality. The second observed feature was the allele's identification that is responsible for puroindoline (Pina and Pinb) genes production and these genes are responsible for the caryopsis hardness. The very last of observed features were Waxy genes and detection of Waxy genes null allele. The expression of these null allele influences the starch quality in caryopsis. Final outcomes can be used in wheat breeding.
|
guest ::
