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Vyhodnocení výskytu patogenů jabloně na lokalitě Lysice
Pavlíčková, Kristýna
In the Czech Republic and around the world are the most commonly grown fruit trees, apple trees. The yield and also its quality is dependent on the weather, location, but also largely on the proper protection against harmful organisms. The thesis contains an overview of the most important viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens, mainly the work is focuses on the agent of apple scab, Venturia inaequalis. In the locality Lysice were evaluated attacked three major fungal pathogens: Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha and Monilinia fructigena, on the varieties ´Idared´, ´Jonagold´, ´Rubín´ and ´Šampion´. The attack of leaves by agent of the apple scab was the most evident in the varieties ´Rubín´ and ´Jonagold´ for which was established middle occurrence class of pathogen. The attack of fruits was minimal, because protection was made correctly. For all varieties was evaluated high frequency of apple powdery mildew, while primary infection (15 to 53 % of monitored leaves). Due to the application of chemical protection were secondary infections weaker (19 to 37 % of monitored leaves) than primary infections. By Monilinia fructigena was the most attacked variety ´Rubín´ (56 % of monitored fruits). The variety ´Rubín´ was the most sensitive for all the evaluated pathogens. For particular pathogens was devised suitable protection system.
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Visualization of cell structures in leaf cells of Malus domestica as a tool for study of Malus-Venturia inaequalis interactions
Zajícová, Iveta ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
Apple scab, the most serious disease of apple is caused by fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis. Knowledge about the apple response to apple scab attack on the cellular and tissue level is insufficient. For studies of Malus-Venturia interaction on the cellular and tissue level, the establishment of methods for cell structures visualization in apple leaves is necessary. In this work, the experimental plant material grown in vitro and ex vitro was successfully established and the method of apple infection by conidia of V. inaequalis was optimized. Various methods of cell components visualization such as vital staining, in situ immunolocalization, transformation, environmental scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy, were tested. Cell structures, such as the cytoskeleton, the cell wall and the cuticle were visualized in apple leaves. Preliminary experiments following specific the changes of cell wall structures induced by V. inaequalis attack were performed. Further, changes of cuticle structure, the first barrier for penetration of pathogen to plant tissues during infection, were observed during the leaf ontogenesis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Ontogenická rezistence k Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.
Korbelová, Pavla
The Bachelor Work describes the disease of apple scab and characterises the originator of this disease - the fungus Venturia inaequalis. The possibilities of both direct and indirect protection are mentioned. The work concentrates on breeding for resistance, particularly with the use of the gene Vf (Rvi6), including the problems connected with breaking through the resistance by physiologic races of the pathogen. The emphasis is placed on ontogenic resistance, ie. the resistance influenced by age as the ability of all plants or their parts to resist and tolarate the disease in connection with the age and maturation of the host tissues. Young apple tree leaves can be susceptible to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) but when full-grown they become more resistant to the infection. The practical use of ontogenic resistance lies in the potential for the breeding of resistant varieties, the introduction of which into cultivation will have a positive effect on agricultural yield and will also bring great benefits to agriculturists.
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Ochrana hlohyně (Pyracantha J. M. Roemer) proti strupovitosti (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter)
Fraňková, Jana
Firethorns are usually planted in parks and gardens as an ornamental shrubs or hedges. Infestation of fruits by fungus V. inaequalis significantly decreases their aesthetic value and the fruits also lose atractivity. Venturia inaqualis is the most important pathogene of firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea M. J. Roemer). The aim of diploma thesis was to determine the options of firethorn scab regulation, to monitor and evaluate the frequency and intensity of pathogen occurrence on two sites (Šitbořice and Brno-Černá Pole), and to evaluate the efficiency of three fungicides with different mechanisms of action. It was proven a statistically significant influence of site on fruits infestation and also the influence of site on infestation of levels of shrub, from which the fruits were gathered. The least infested fruits were gathered from the top level of shrub. Highest efficiency on causative agent of firethorn scab was proved by fungicide Zato 50 WG, with the active substance trifloxystrobin (500 g/kg) and by fungicide Talent, with the active substance myclobutanil (200 g/l).
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