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Salt intake in infants
KRÁLOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis deals with salt intake for infants. This is a current topic as there are lots of discussions about excessive salt intake nowadays. Taste for salt is developed in childhood and it influences its subsequent perception. Long-term excessive salt intake in food can cause a risk of hypertension. According to professor Janda, recommended daily amount of salt for an infant should not be more than 1 g. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to find out the intake of salt for infants. There were two research questions formulated: "What is the intake of salt in food for infants?" and "What is the difference between salt intake for infants being only breast-fed, infants being fed by complementary milk food and those being fed by non-milk complementary food. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical one describes the issue of salt intake, the practical one contains qualitative research. The focus group was comprised of 12 infants who were divided into 3 groups of 4. Infants up to 4 months old were in the first group, infants between 4-8 months old were in the second group and infants between 8-12 months were in the third group. Every fourth infant was chosen from the database of supervisor's patients. Three-days diet records were received from the mothers of the infants. Based on these records the amount of salt was further calculated in the Nutriservis program. The results of the survey are presented in charts and in word evaluation. The research shows that, from the point of view of salt intake, mother's milk is ideal infant food. The recommended amount of salt was not exceeded for neither of the chosen infants. The infants being fed only with mother's milk had the lowest salt intake, whereas the infants being fed with non-milk complementary food had the highest salt intake. This bachelor's thesis can serve as a source of information for students of nutritional therapy as well as for mothers of infants.
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Formula in infancy - composition, indication
BOČKOVÁ, Jaroslava
Formula is an artificial milk nutrition which is possible to use if the child is not breast-fed and in this case it can substitute the breast milk. It is important to realize that breast milk is still the "gold standard" of infant nutrition and the formula is "merely" substitute and that means breast milk cannot be adequately replace. My bachelor thesis is on the topic of Formula in infancy - the composition and indications. Therefore I focused not only on the formula itself, but also on the natural nutrition of infants as breast milk. I divided the theoretical part of the thesis into three main areas - breastfeeding, daily nutritional regime and the formula in infancy. I dealt with the composition of artificial milk formulas in my research. I compared breastfeeding with formulas from the perspective of mothers and I took an interest in reasons for the use of the artificial milk formulas and in brands which were tested by respondents. I also tried to find out if the mothers were enough informed about infant feeding. I used two methods of qualitative research - a content analysis and technique of semi-structured interviews. I had set four goals: The first was to compare formulas for infants on the Czech market, the second was to compare satisfaction of breastfeeding and non breastfeeding mothers with theinfant feeding method. The third was to identify the reasons for the use of formulas and find out which formulas women use. The fourth was to make a discovery if women are informed about the ways and possibilities of the infant feeding. Meanwhile I was dealing with research question number one, specifically if the composition of the individual formulas meets the requirements of Directive 2006/141/EC of the EU Commission I found that not all values are identical to legislation. At least it should be explored if the ingredients which are not equivalent to the approved amount could be harmful to child's health. I couldn?t answer the second question on the basis of composition of the artificial milk nutrition. So I assessed the quality of the offered range of brands on the Czech market from the theoretical part. Nutrilon has become the best brand according to this comparison. The question number three was if the women are more satisfied with breastfeeding or with the use of artificial milk formulas. I was comparing the experiences of breastfeeding and non breastfeeding mothers using the infant nutrition and I found out that nursing mothers are happier, despite the difficulties which accompany the mother during lactation. Also I found out that the reasons for the use of formulas were different in the group of respondents, as well as individual brands of the infant milks. Any mother has never tried alternative soy, goat or sheep milk. They followed the expert's advice and had never thought about these alternatives. I can agree with that and I don?t think this milk could be appropriate infant feeding. The last research question was focused on the respondent's knowledge of infant feeding. All respondents got education from the medical staff of the hospital, but some of them weren?t satisfied with the quality. Some mothers met with a lack of information at the pharmacist and general practice. It is important that the management of the device should lay stress on the proper education because quality child care is based on high-quality information. The results of my bachelor thesis should be like a subject to further detailed investigation and documentation which highlights the need of improvement of the quality information from experts.
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