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Hodnocení antifungální aktivity esenciálních olejů prostřednictvím vybraných laboratorních metod
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Viola
The utilization of the antifungal activity of essential oils in the storage of vegetables and food is becoming an increasingly monitored and researched topic currently. The antifungal effects of essential oils offer the possibility of extending the shelf life of food and reducing losses caused by fungi and other microorganisms. These are natu-ral substances that are non-toxic to humans or the environment. Essential oils have recently gained popularity due to their diverse applications, not only in industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals but also in our households. This popularity supports the interest in their use in food as a natural means of reducing fungal occurrence and extending the shelf life of food. The aim of this thesis is to compare the antifungal effectiveness of selected essential oils against isolated microscopic fungi from root vegetables and to compa-re selected methods used for evaluation. The literature review presented in this the-sis summarizes the current knowledge in the area of the antimicrobial effects of essential oils, which offer the possibility of extending the shelf life of food and re-ducing losses caused by fungi and other microorganisms. In the practical part, the four most common morphotypes of microscopic fungi (Fusarium sp., Paecilomyces sp., Trichoderma sp., and Chalaropsis thielavioides) are isolated from root vegeta-bles, which are used in testing the antifungal activity of selected essential oils (ci-tronella, clove, dill, peppermint, cinnamon, and thyme) using the disk diffusion method and the micro-dilution method. The results of the disk diffusion method and the microdilution me-thod slightly differ from each other. The inhibition of essential oils appears slightly higher in the microdilution method, likely due to the presence of volatile com-pounds that more effectively spread within the enclosed space of the microplate, thus exerting a stronger influence on the growth of the tested fungi. However, the three most effective oils are consistent in both methods. Specifically, these are the oils of dill, thyme, and cinnamon. Similarly, the least effective oil is consistent in both methods - peppermint oil.
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