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Fare-Free Public Transport policy introduction in selected European states and municipalities in first two decades of 21st century
Čarek, Sebastián ; Kolman, Ondřej (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
This thesis was written to create a missing complex study about Fare-Free Public Transport (FFPT) policy and to confirm hypothesis that abolition of fares are not generally accompanied by passengers increasing demand. Theoretical part describes public transport potential substitutes, for example competition in problematic individual car transport. In other chapters thesis summarises present known knowledges of public transport demand, financing by public service contracts and encapsulates experiences with Fare-Free Public Transport in Europe. Practical part includes four case studies: Tallinn, Frýdek-Místek, railway passenger transport in Slovakia and Prague Integrated Transport (PID). Analysis of PID and Tallinn confirmed that fare decrease in case of low fares already before act, does not entice additional passengers, because the demand is highly inelastic. But the important issue is that introducing of FFPT is connected with lots of side effects. Extraordinary space in thesis has policy of Free Trains in Slovakia, that caused many side effects that must have been solved in process to not damage paying passengers. Policy had important effect on public transport market in Slovakia, when ZSSK was pressed to depreciate own InterCity trains operated for own commercial risk and negative effect was also observed on private long-distance bus transport and on budgets of higher-level territorial administrative units.
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