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The legal aspects of gender reassignment
Kotková, Petra ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Dissertation on Legal Aspects of Gender Reassignment. Characteristics of the topic, definition of the aim of the thesis and methods. The statement that "Man is born free and is everywhere in chains" is not merely a well known sentence with which the Enlightenment philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau opened his treatise On the Social Contract, for it reverberates the idea of universal human freedom. Therefore, this quotation can also be applied to the very sensitive issue that is the subject of this work. It has been argued in the literature that the issue of gender reassignment is a reminder that the social categories (male, female) that we encounter in everyday life are not a definitive description of the diversity of society, but a reflection of individual imagination. One cannot but agree with this, although there are other views. The first references to sexual mismatch can be seen in antiquity. Literature suggests that men at this time were characterised by femininity in their behaviour and character. Among the well-known medieval figures, Joan of Arc, who removed her breasts, cut her hair and dressed up as a man, can be mentioned. In these times, no distinction was made between transvestitism and transsexuality. It was not until 1897 that Doctor Howard published a case of a man who fit today's...
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Proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights and their reform
Zaťko, Miloš ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Hubálková, Eva (referee) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
Proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights and their reform The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate the proceedings before the European Court of Human Rights. This Court that exists within the Council of Europe is the guardian of guaranteed human rights and fundamental freedoms defined in the European Convention on Human Rights. Under this Convention an individual is entitled to submit an application to the Court and seek for the protection of his rights that were violated by one of the Member states. One of the conditions that ensure this protection is an effective and adequate proceedings before the Court. At present, the Court has to face many problems that are able to put this human rights protection in danger. Therefore the Member states decided to initiate a reform of the Court and its proceedings. The basic goal of this reform process is to ensure the long-term efficiency of the proceedings. This thesis analyzes the outcomes of this reform and how it affects the current proceedings. Key words: the European Court of Human Rights, proceedings, reform, workload, caseload
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Proceedings for the dissolution of a political party - Czech and foreign
Schneebergerová, Martina ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Jirásková, Věra (referee)
Thesis deals with the issue of dissolution of political parties. States should recognise that everyone has the right to associate freely in political parties. As a particularly far-reaching measure, enforced dissolution of political party may only be justified in the case of party that advocates the use of violence as a political means to overthrow the democratic constitutional order, thereby undermining the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the constitution. The dissolution of a political party is an exceptional measure in a democratic society and should be govern by the principle of proportionality. Apart from Czech legislation and recent judicial cases, this thesis is focused on Slovak and German experience with political party ban. Relevant decisions of European Court of Human Rights are introduced as well. In the first chapter the term "political party" is defined. Essential role of the political parties in parliamentary democracy as well as its extraordinary status among associations is emphasized. This part of thesis discusses situations when state can interfere with freedom of association or freedom of speech. Legally defined reasons for the dissolution of political parties are explained. These legal reasons are defined by criteria abstractly formulated, therefore a statutory interpretation...
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Fundamental human rights in the European Union
HORECKÁ, Eva
The aim of this thesis is the development of the protection of human rights in the European Union, the analysis of the current state and coherence in the context of the legal regulations of the Czech Republic, including the enforcement of human rights in connection withthe judgements.
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A Comparison of the European Court of Justice and the European Court for Human Rights
ŽŮRKOVÁ, Petra
The theme of my Bachelor work is A comparison of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and the European Court of Human Rights. The aim of this thesis is to compare two Courts which have fully different legal basis. This thesis consist of three main chapters. The first two parts describe each one of the Courts separately. In these chapters I focused on historical development of the Courts, sources of law, organization of the Courts and procedure before the Courts. The last part shows the comparison of those two Courts.
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