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Fire as an alternative way of the landscape management
Maximov, Fedor ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Adámek, Martin (referee)
Prescribed burning is a method that has been used since prehistoric times to keep unforested areas. In pastures, fire was used to remove dead biomass, return nutrients to the soil and improve forage quality, as well as to convert forests fields to a shifting agriculture. The abandonment of burning in the last century has led to an accumulation of plant biomass in the landscape. This, combined with global warming, is now creating the threat of dangerous fires. In 2022, controlled burning was allowed in the Czech Republic as a way of managing habitats that are at risk of becoming woodland without proper management. Rare heliophilous plant and animal species are tied to them. It would therefore be advisable to reintroduce this management method, together with monitoring and control of its effects on species and communities. The aim of this backelor thesis is to summarise the existing knowledge about prescribed burning in Europe. It also describes how controlled burning affects the dynamics of dry grasslands and heathlands. The main focus is on attributes of controlled burning that can be used to maintain selected habitats. Keywords: fire, vegetation, landscape management, succession
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Football Recycling
Vlček, Filip ; Jemelka, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedlák, Jaroslav (advisor)
The former Brno stadium Za Lužánkami, located on the border of the Botanical Garden of MENDEL, the wild hillside Planýrka and Lužánky Park. Thanks to the clay mass of the stands and the fact that the last official match was played at the stadium in 2001, nature is beginning to take over. It is therefore possible to leave the stadium to continue to create specific conditions for different plant species, but at the same time to use the potential of the standing reinforced concrete structure in its southern part and hand it over to the student association? Finding a suitable solution for this situation and avoiding the gentrification of other urban spaces was my goal in of this thesis.
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Stav a potenciál přirozené obnovy po kalamitě na revíru Polana, LS Jablunkov
Dyrčík, Vojtěch
The aim of the presented thesis was to evaluate the status and potential of natural regeneration in relation to the condition of surviving individuals of the parent stand after a bark beetle calamity. The locality of interest was the Polana forest district, located in the territory of the Jablunkov forest administration. Five representative stands were selected for the field survey, where after the death of the spruce stand component, there remained in the upper stage individuals of the parent stand, mostly beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). As the number of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) individuals in the parent stand increased, so did the frequency of rejuvenation of this tree species. In places where there was less beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and white birch (Betula pendula Roth) became more prominent. The most abundant species in the parent stand were beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and larch (Larix decidua Mill). A relationship between the rejuvenation of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and the condition of the parent stand was also found in the area where the regeneration inventory was repeated. Here, the natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) was more pronounced,as well. In contrast to beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), its abundance in the regeneration decreased after two years.The areas of interest can be considered as restored to 94 % of the total area, of which 77 % was created by natural regeneration alone and 17 % by combined regeneration. In 6 % of the area, rejuvenation gaps need to be filled.
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Přirozená obnova po odumřelém smrkovém porostu na Školním lesním podniku „Masarykův les“ Křtiny
Krásenský, Jiří
The aim of this thesis was to determine the state and potential of natural regeneration under dead spruce stands. The research was conducted at two locations in the vicinity of Brno within the University Forest Enterpise Masaryk Forest in Křtiny. A research plot was established at each location, consisting of three consecutive variants: stand, partial cut and clearcut. A network of circular sample plots was established in each variant to determine the state of natural regeneration. The investigation also included an analysis of seed fall in the stand and partial cut variants. It was found that the lowest mortality occurred under the dead spruce stand, compared to the other variants, and the largest number of seedlings were found there. The most common tree species that regenerated under the dry stand was spruce. The seed bank under the stand contained a more diverse range of seeds than under the partial cut.
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Ecology of bryophytes in post mining sites
Fatková, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Mining sites offer a mosaic of spoil heaps of different age, with diverse substrate characteristics. Especially problematic for vegetation development can be toxic spoil heaps with substrate from the Tertiary rocks characterized by low pH values and a high content of heavy metals. Under such conditions, bryophytes survive amongst other groups of organisms. In the frame of this master thesis occurring bryophyte species were analysed on toxic, nontoxic and recultivated spoil heaps of different age. Soil parameters (pH, conductivity, content of heavy metals, organic matter and percentage carbon and nitrogen content) were tested and further environmental variables like coverage of vegetation layers were recorded to analyse the importance of these factors for bryophyte community composition on differently managed spoil heaps. In total 37 species of bryophytes were identified on spoil heaps in Sokolov. On old non-toxic spoil heaps bryophytes reached the highest diversity. Young non- toxic recultivated spoil heaps contained the lowest number of species although they were holding the highest coverage of bryophytes. Toxic spoil heaps bore less diversity than non- toxic spoil heaps. In early stages of succession short living life forms and short functional groups of bryophytes dominated. Successional...
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Monitoring of floodplain vegetation of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, Šumava) eight years after a hydric restoration
DEJMEK, David
The thesis is focused on the monitoring of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, Šumava) eight years after hydric restoration. The monitoring occurred in 14 permanent quadrats delineated in the open meadow part of the floodplain along three transects. In the studied quadrats, the groundwater level was measured, phytocenological relevés were recorded, and individual species' frequency and total coverage were determined. The results were compared with works by Lazárková (2012), Stachová (2014), Pechačová (2019), and Kratochvílová (2021) from previous years.
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Long term dynamic of vegetation succession on post-mining sites.
Skalníková, Andrea ; Mudrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Janíková, Eva (referee)
Spontaneous succession of vegetation can be one of the restoration approaches of disturbed sites after coal mining. It is therefore important to know the course of successional changes and whether it can be replicated. The spontaneous succession of vegetation on disturbed sites is usually based on monitoring of multiple sites of a different stage of succession. By their comparison the course of the succession over time is inferred. This approach of the study is called chronosequence (space-for-time substitution). Another option is to repeat monitoring of permanent plots, but it requires a long period of time to observe successional changes. Rarely are these approaches combined. In this thesis, I analyse the main trends in the succession of plant communities and their plants functional traits on five localities of various age during the 15 years. I have examined whether the localities follow similar successional trends. Data (plant coverage) were collected by annual resampling of 50 (ten per locality) permanent plots of 5 m x 5 m since 2007. By performing a multivariate CCA analysis, we analysed the species composition of the plant community, and by performing an RDA analysis, we analysed the changes in weighted averages of plant functional traits. In both cases, the localities and their...
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Botanical survey of the open part of the Hučina stream floodplain (Černý Kříž, Šumava) six years after a hydrological restoration
PECHAČOVÁ, Johana
This study deals with vegetation monitoring in the floodplain of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, the Šumava National Park), six year after the stream restoration. Monitoring was performed on permanent plots along three transects laid across the floodplain. The mapping of vegetation was made using phytocenological relevés, I identified the species richness, frequency, and cover of particular ecological groups of plants. Also the groundwater level was measured. The results are compared with those of Lazárková (2012), obtained before the restoration, and those of Stachová (2015), gained one year after the restoration.
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Houby vřesovišť CHKO Brdy
SYNKOVÁ, Hedvika
The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of controlled fire on fungal community in heathlands in CHKO Brdy and describe their changes during succession. Fungal fruitbodies were monitored during years 2018 and 2019 at twenty-five monitoring plots at Jordán, Tok and Brda. The relationship between fungal species richness and the time since the last fire and soil humidity was determined. The effect of the time since the last fire, soil humidity and vegetation on fungal species composition was analysed using multivariate ordination methods. The quality of studied habitat was evaluated based on the presence of red-listed and indicator fungal species.
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