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Maternal investment and reproductive strategy in domestic horses
Komárková, Martina ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šumbera, Radim (referee) ; Vlček, Kamil (referee)
The aim of my doctoral thesis is the detailed study of the behavioural and sociobiological principles associated with the period of lactation. Suckling data covering almost 80 foals of domestic horse (Equus caballus) was obtained within four years of observation in the National Stud in Kladruby nad Labem, Czech Republic. The data were evaluated together with the reproductive history of the mothers, their agonistic interactions and following analysis of the dominance position of subadult foals. The first study describes longer suckling (greater maternal care) in dominant mares compared to submissive ones. Dominant mares are also less disturbed during nursing, whereas they terminated the nursing of submissive mares more often. A possible competitive advantage for the offspring of dominant mares may arise from such behaviour. The second paper enlightens the reproductive strategy of mares facing double maternal investment; suckling of the foal and pregnancy at the same time. I found out, contrary to the expectations, that the pregnant mares neither suckled their foals less nor terminated more suckling compared to non-pregnant herdmates. They may try to compensate their suckling foal with the perspective of its early weaning due to ongoing pregnancy. In the third and fourth manuscript I studied, how...
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Myofunctional disorder in children
Říha, Ivo ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šiška, Jan (referee)
Thesis "Myofunctional disorder of children" is about myofunctional disorder with a focus on logopedics and issues of human speech. The whole work has, however, significantly multidisciplinary character. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on orofacial complex, swallowing and speech complex in all its breadth. It is also focused on nutrition problems at an early age and on related activities. Readers can also find information about orthodontic anomalies that are directly related to myofunctional disorder. A large area is dedicated to myofunctional disorder itself - terminology, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, prevention and therapy. As an important section of practical part of the work serves a research on a sample of 15 children diagnosed with myofunctional disorder. The sample was subjected to qualitative analysis, where an outcome demonstrates 3 case studies demonstrating the degree of seriousness of 3 myofunctional disorders. Additionally, there is also simple quantitative analysis and its outcome is an overview chart. KEYWORDS Myofunctional disorder, orofacial, tongue, ortodontic anomalies, breast- feeding, suckling, mastification, swallowing, speech - articulation.
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Early ontogeny of mother offspring bonding in Bovinae
Staňková, Helena ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Jůnková, Pavla (referee)
The aim of this thesis is, based on the literature, to study the origin, characters and duration of social bonds between the mother and her offspring in Bovinae. The emphasis was given on the specifics of the behaviour related to birth and ecological differences between species. The explored group covers medium and large Artiodactyla living in groups. Many of them were domesticated, and they live in specific conditions so their behaviour may differ. The strongest bond is between the mother and her offspring. This bond is essential for the young, which is completely dependent on the maternal care. Maternal behaviour may be observed few days before parturition, but the most visible sign is maternal separation from the herd to secure exclusive interaction with own offspring. Mother learns to recognize her offspring after parturition, primarily by smell, also for this reason the young is licked. Suckling provides the nutrition to the calf, but also it reinforces mutual relationship. The strength of the bond is mainly dependant on the social environment, strategy of the young, it's age and other factors. The bond between the mother and her offspring differs according to the species, in the duration and in a way of termination. This topic is nowadays only poorly understood and needs further research.
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The role of the father in care of a newborn and a suckling
KOY, Kristina
The bachelor thesis deals with the role of the father in the care of a newborn and a suckling, his attitude and contribution to care. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a research section. In accordance with the topic, the theoretical part deals with prenatal preparation by both parents, newborns, sucklings, and the care for newborns and sucklings in the areas of nutrition, emptying, sleep, hygiene and leisure time. In the second section, we deal with parental and paternal roles in the family in more detail. There were two goals set. The first goal was to map the participation of fathers in the care of newborns and sucklings and the second goal was to map out the fathers' attitudes towards care of the newborns and sucklings. On the basis of these goals, two research questions were asked. The first research question deals with the attitude of the fathers towards newborn and suckling care. The second research question is finding out how fathers are involved in the care of newborns and sucklings. The research was carried out in two phases, using a quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative research was conducted in the form of an internet questionnaire, which included a total of 15 compulsory questions and was attended by a total of 449 respondents. According to the quantitative research, fathers caring for their children are mainly involved in bathing (56%), changing diapers (52%) and playing (73%) with newborns or sucklings. Qualitative research was conducted in the form of semi-structured personal interviews with six fathers aged 25 to 41. The interview contained a total of 17 questions, which were supplemented by additional questions as needed, with three identification questions in the beginning. All participants in the interviews were involved in caring for their children. The hypothesis determined at the assignment was: There are differences in fathers care of newborns and sucklings in relation to the presence of fathers at childbirth. The research showed that the presence of the father at childbirth has no significant effect on his subsequent care of newborns and sucklings. Hence, the hypothesis was rejected.
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Myofunctional disorder in children
Říha, Ivo ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šiška, Jan (referee)
Thesis "Myofunctional disorder of children" is about myofunctional disorder with a focus on logopedics and issues of human speech. The whole work has, however, significantly multidisciplinary character. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on orofacial complex, swallowing and speech complex in all its breadth. It is also focused on nutrition problems at an early age and on related activities. Readers can also find information about orthodontic anomalies that are directly related to myofunctional disorder. A large area is dedicated to myofunctional disorder itself - terminology, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, prevention and therapy. As an important section of practical part of the work serves a research on a sample of 15 children diagnosed with myofunctional disorder. The sample was subjected to qualitative analysis, where an outcome demonstrates 3 case studies demonstrating the degree of seriousness of 3 myofunctional disorders. Additionally, there is also simple quantitative analysis and its outcome is an overview chart. KEYWORDS Myofunctional disorder, orofacial, tongue, ortodontic anomalies, breast- feeding, suckling, mastification, swallowing, speech - articulation.
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Early ontogeny of mother offspring bonding in Bovinae
Staňková, Helena ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Jůnková, Pavla (referee)
The aim of this thesis is, based on the literature, to study the origin, characters and duration of social bonds between the mother and her offspring in Bovinae. The emphasis was given on the specifics of the behaviour related to birth and ecological differences between species. The explored group covers medium and large Artiodactyla living in groups. Many of them were domesticated, and they live in specific conditions so their behaviour may differ. The strongest bond is between the mother and her offspring. This bond is essential for the young, which is completely dependent on the maternal care. Maternal behaviour may be observed few days before parturition, but the most visible sign is maternal separation from the herd to secure exclusive interaction with own offspring. Mother learns to recognize her offspring after parturition, primarily by smell, also for this reason the young is licked. Suckling provides the nutrition to the calf, but also it reinforces mutual relationship. The strength of the bond is mainly dependant on the social environment, strategy of the young, it's age and other factors. The bond between the mother and her offspring differs according to the species, in the duration and in a way of termination. This topic is nowadays only poorly understood and needs further research.
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Maternal investment and reproductive strategy in domestic horses
Komárková, Martina ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šumbera, Radim (referee) ; Vlček, Kamil (referee)
The aim of my doctoral thesis is the detailed study of the behavioural and sociobiological principles associated with the period of lactation. Suckling data covering almost 80 foals of domestic horse (Equus caballus) was obtained within four years of observation in the National Stud in Kladruby nad Labem, Czech Republic. The data were evaluated together with the reproductive history of the mothers, their agonistic interactions and following analysis of the dominance position of subadult foals. The first study describes longer suckling (greater maternal care) in dominant mares compared to submissive ones. Dominant mares are also less disturbed during nursing, whereas they terminated the nursing of submissive mares more often. A possible competitive advantage for the offspring of dominant mares may arise from such behaviour. The second paper enlightens the reproductive strategy of mares facing double maternal investment; suckling of the foal and pregnancy at the same time. I found out, contrary to the expectations, that the pregnant mares neither suckled their foals less nor terminated more suckling compared to non-pregnant herdmates. They may try to compensate their suckling foal with the perspective of its early weaning due to ongoing pregnancy. In the third and fourth manuscript I studied, how...
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Upbringing of the suckling in the family
BÖHM, Jan
In this study I wanted to put together my imaginations and how the upbringing and evolution of the suckling in the family should look like. On that base the parents should be able to give many stimulations to their child for his healthy evolution. This program should be acceptable to a wide spectrum of the parents universally with a view to time, money and local conditions. In my study I describe the upbringing of the suckling in the family with a view to his optimum evolution based on physical, mental and spiritual health. The first, theoretical part contains knowledge and experience of well-known Czech and foreign specialists who are engaged in those problems. The second, experimental parts brings the pieces of information about the right influence of the child´s upbringings and his gearing to programs of physical and mental evolution and his next life in the family with special care and as follows his putting across the social life. In statistical evaluating I compare all the results which are important for the right evolution of the child. My study wants to show important methods how to bring up the suckling from his first day of being born because it is the main meaning for his future life. At the beginning of each upbringing phase of the suckling it is acceptable to recommend this program to all the parents and it is possible to consult the methods of programs with specialists until they gain control of it themselves.
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"Extended-care of midwife in giving infants a massage on Puerperium Depertment of Strakonice Hospital and infants at home."
VAČKÁŘOVÁ, Iva
In my thesis, I focused at providing massages to neonates at the Puerperium Department of Nemocnice Strakonice, a.s., and to infants at home. My intention was to acquaint mothers with massages during the first days after birth and to teach them the massage technique. The knowledge gained can be used to improve care for children in domestic environment. The thesis used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. The data collection made use of an anonymous survey, an electronic survey and non-standardized interviews. Six objectives were defined. Objective 1: To survey whether the received information is profitable for mothers. Objective 2: To survey whether mothers are interested in giving a massage to their infants in the post partum. Objective 3: To map the expected benefits of physiological massages for infants as viewed by their mothers. Objective 4: To map mothers? interest in continuing child massages at home. Objective 5: To map the real benefits of child massage in home environment as viewed by the mothers. Objective 6: To teach mothers massage procedures. All the objectives were met. On the basis of the objectives, five hypotheses (H) and two research questions (VO) were identified. H1: The received information is profitable for the mothers, the hypothesis was vindicated, 96 % of the mothers found the received information profitable. H2: Mothers are interested in giving a massage in the postpartum ward, the hypothesis was not vindicated, 11 % of the mothers were interested in massaging their infants while hospitalized. H3: From the mothers?? point of view, the most estimated benefit of massaging their physiological new-borns was evoking relaxation and comfort, the hypothesis was vindicated, 94 % of the mothers mentioned that the most estimated benefit is evoking relaxation and comfort of their infants. H4: Mothers are also interested in performing massages at home; the hypothesis was confirmed ? 54 % of the mothers perform massages at home. H5: As viewed by the mothers, the biggest benefit of child massages at home is to induce relaxation and well-being; the hypothesis was confirmed ? 84 % of the mothers said the biggest benefit of child massages at home achieved was to induce relaxation and well being of their children. VO1: How do mothers perform child massages at home? Mothers who give massages to their babies at home mostly comply with proper procedure and technique of massages. Hypothesis 1 was defined for the research question: The demonstration of massage procedure to mothers in the maternity hospital was sufficient for proper massages performed at home. VO2: What are the benefits of massage as viewed by the mothers? The mother sees the benefits of massages mainly for their children to whom massages bring positive effects both physically and mentally. This is a great benefit for the mothers themselves. Hypothesis 2 was defined for the research question: The mothers are happy to get acquainted with new developments in the care of their children if they can see positive results in the satisfaction of their children. Findings from the research could be used to improve care for neonates not only at the Puerperium Department of Nemocnice Strakonice, a.s. but also in other health facilities where the clients come first and where the staff is willing to introduce any changes to the existing care. The results of the research could also attract considerable attention of private midwives who come into contact with mothers during pregnancy and give them the first and sometimes the most important information in the care of the baby.
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Factors affecting suckling behaviour in Bovids
OLLÉOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis summarizes factors affecting suckling characteristics behaviour in Bovids. I focused on those main suckling characteristics: Suckling frequency, duration of suckling bout,total time spent suckling, suckling attempts, termination and initiation of suckling bouts and incidence of allo-suckling. I discussed those findings in the view of sociobiological theories such as parent-offspring conflict and Trivers-Willard model.
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