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Application possibilities of refractometer for liquids diagnostics
Macháč, Milan ; Kazelle, Jiří (referee) ; Frk, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on application possibilities of refractometer for liquids diagnostics. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical basics propagation of electromagnetic waves. The next section focuses on the measurement of refractive index, refractometry, a description of each type refractometers and short introduction to interferometry. The penultimate chapter is devoted to an application using a refractometer and what can measure and calculate. The last chapter is a practical part, there is described a calibration process, the measured values of the refractive index of liquids and evaluate the results.
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Hodnocení kvality mleziva dojnic českého strakatého skotu v ekologickém a konvenčním chovu
Buďová, Tereza
The theoretical part aims to provide information about the mammary gland, colostrum, its composition and quality control, types of milk, milking technologies, parlours, and generally about the importance of cattle breading focusing on Czech spotted cattle breed. The main goal of the practical part was to evaluate and compare the quality of colostrum in eco-breeding and conventional breeding. A total of 266 dairy cows of the Czech spotted cattle were included in the evaluation. Dairy cows were divided into individual lactations in order to evaluate the quality of the colostrum in % Brix, the sex of the born calf and amount of milk in liters per first milking. The obtained results were processed and collected into charts. Our results show that the colostrum quality is better in the eco-breeding in Dalečín than in conventional breeding in Věstín. In Dalečín, 114 dairy cows were evaluated. They reached average Brix values of 20.97 % in the first lactation, 20.42 % in the second, 21 % in the third, 25.15 % in the fourth, 23 % in the fifth and 22.17 % Brix in the last lactation. In total, 57 heifers, 53 bulls and 9 stillborn calves were born there. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2 liters for the first, 4.1 liters for the second, 4 liters for the third, 4.1 liters for the fourth, 6.2 liters for the fifth and 4.9 liters for the mixed lactation. According to these values, we can state that in the eco-breeding in Dalečín the fourth lactation is the best since it reached 25.15 % Brix. In Věstín, 152 dairy cows were evaluated. In total, 79 heifers, 73 bulls and 8 stillborn calves were born. The average milk yield was 20.22 % for the first lactation, 19.95 % for the second, 21.17 % for the third, 20.63% for the fourth, 21.24 % for the fifth and 21.08 % Brix for the mixed lactation. The average milk yield for individual lactation was 2.47 liters for the first, 4.58 liters for the second, 4.17 liters for the third, 6.6 liters for the fourth, 5.38 liters for the fifth and 5.42 for the mixed lactation. We can state the fifth lactation as the best since it reached 21.24 % Brix.
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The evaluation of passive immunization level in meat calves in selected breeding
KRUPKA, Martin
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of selected factors on the level of passive immunization of calves (expressed in total protein, g/l in blood serum) in selected beef cattle breeding. In the monitored period 2014-2016, a total of 205 samples of calf serum were evaluated. The selected factors were: the length of dry period and parity, colostrum quality, the time of first intake of colostrum after birth, the weight and sex of the calf. An adequate level of passive immunity was found in 90.2% of calves. This result was also reflected in low calf mortality rates in monitored years: 1.16% (2014), 1.15% (2015) and 1.23% (2016). At the level of passive immunization, the time of the first colostrum intake (P < 0,001), parity (P = 0,0002), colostrum quality (P = 0,0061) and the length of dry period (P = 0,0008) were the most important factors. The other evaluated factors (sex and birth weight of calves) were not statistically significant. Colostrum period management is essential for the rearing of healthy calves and profitability of breeding.
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Application possibilities of refractometer for liquids diagnostics
Macháč, Milan ; Kazelle, Jiří (referee) ; Frk, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on application possibilities of refractometer for liquids diagnostics. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical basics propagation of electromagnetic waves. The next section focuses on the measurement of refractive index, refractometry, a description of each type refractometers and short introduction to interferometry. The penultimate chapter is devoted to an application using a refractometer and what can measure and calculate. The last chapter is a practical part, there is described a calibration process, the measured values of the refractive index of liquids and evaluate the results.
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