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The impact of unemployment on attendace of football matches in the Czech Republic
Raštica, Marek ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Špecián, Petr (referee)
This paper examines the impact of unemployment on the attendance of football matches in the highest Czech competition - Gambrinus League. The influence is studied and researched by using data from seasons 2010/2011 to 2012/2013, which contains 720 observations. The results show that the effect of unemployment is positive, but its explanatory power is due to problems in the model very low. Other results showed that rivalry influences the attendance at football matches the most, and that increases attendance by 36.5 %. A positive influence is also a broadcast matches on TV, such matches involve about 23 % more fans than when the television is not broadcasting them. More than 20 % of increase in attendance causes every achieved point from the average score values gained in the last three matches. Every one percent increase in population increases the attendance up to by 4.9 %. Positive effects on attendance had also factors of temperature and age of the club.
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Eseje o ekonomii sportu
Lahvička, Jiří ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee) ; Pertold Gebická, Barbara (referee)
This dissertation consists of five articles about economics of sports. The first three articles investigate various types of outcome uncertainty and how they relate to match attendance demand, while the remaining two articles test the efficiency of sports betting markets. The first article presents a new method of calculating match importance. Unlike the previous approaches in the literature, it does not require ex-post information and can be used for any type of season outcome. The second article shows that the additional playoff stage in the Czech ice hockey "Extraliga" lowers the probability of the strongest team becoming a champion and thus increases seasonal uncertainty. The third article demonstrates that the inconsistent findings in the literature about the link between match uncertainty and attendance could be explained by wrongly specified regressions, proposes a new approach to analyzing the effect of match uncertainty and shows that attendance demand is maximized if teams of the same quality play against each other. The fourth article examines the favorite-longshot bias in the context of betting on tennis matches. It shows that the favorite-longshot bias pattern is consistent with bookmakers protecting themselves against both better informed insiders and the general public exploiting new information. The fifth article investigates the supposedly profitable strategy of betting on soccer draws using the Fibonacci sequence. The strategy is tested both in a simulated market and on a real data set and found to lose money.
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What affects the attendance demand of handball matches?
Pokorný, Michael ; Lahvička, Jiří (advisor) ; Klesla, Arnošt (referee)
In this bachelor thesis is analyzed the attendance demand of handball matches in the Czech Republic and in Germany. The research is based on data about 516 matches of highest handball competition in the Czech Republic (Extraliga) and 918 matches of highest handball competition in Germany (Bundesliga). One of the main differences is that Czech spectators care only about short-term performance of home team and long-term performance of away team, but in Germany care about short-term and long-term performance of both, home and away team. Next one is the influence of temperature. In Extraliga there is an optimal point of temperature 8,75°C. In Bundesliga the attendance is decreasing while the temperature is rising. In both countries is the attendance decreasing while the distance is increasing (the Czech Republic 3,2% per 100km, Germany 0,8% per 100km). If the match was broadcasted on television the attendance demand was higher (in the Czech Republic by 12,3%, in Germany by 14%). The reason is that the variable means more the attractiveness and importance of match than the substation. The same is also that playing in afternoon hours is the best option; in Czech is the attendance bigger at weekends than in weekdays. Next result was that there is no competition with more popular sports (in Czech Republic with football and ice-hockey, in Germany with football). Home team fixed effects results show the same thing that the average attendances show. In Germany the attendance is about 10 times higher. Season fixed effects results show the decrease of attendance in season 2011/12.
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Attendance of Ice-hockey Matches in Czech Extraliga
Lahvička, Jiří ; Bolcha, Peter (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This paper uses data about 3,640 matches played in the seasons 2000/01-2009/10 to explain individual match attendance of the top Czech ice hockey competition -- the Extraliga. Some interesting results are that fans decide whether to attend based on the detailed information about the home team, but use just the easily observable information about the away team; that a match having no impact on the final season outcome is much less attended; that televising a match decreases attendances of all matches played on the same day, but there is no negative next-day effect; that both very good and very bad weather decreases attendance; and that if two home matches are played in a short time period, their attendance is lower with likely higher impact on the second match. Substitution of ice hockey with soccer is investigated on several different levels -- while ice hockey and soccer are definitely long-term substitutes, there are mixed results for same-day substitution. Modernization of ice hockey arenas is identified as the key factor behind the almost 20% attendance growth in the analyzed period. This paper also presents a new realistic method of modeling seasonal uncertainty based on Monte Carlo simulation that does not rely on ex post information.
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