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Flow cytometry in insects biosystematics
Javůrková, Jaroslava ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílek, David (referee)
The size of the genome, or DNA content in cells, is expressed using the so-called C-value, i.e. the weight of DNA in units of pg, or as 2C-values for the DNA content in somatic cells of diploid organisms. A simple method used, among other things, to determine the size of the genome is flow cytometry. This method has traditionally been very popular, especially among botanists, where it is mainly used in taxonomic and population studies or for determining the ploidy of individual lines. Conversely, genome size in animals and insects is relatively little studied. Of the more than a million described insect species, the genome size is known for only hundreds of them. This work provides information on the genome size of eighty-eight species of insects from selected orders of the Polyneoptera group - four species of earwigs (Dermaptera), four species of weavers (Embioptera), fourteen species of mantises (Mantodea), seventeen species of stick insects (Phasmatodea), forty-six species of grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets (Orthoptera), one species of termite (Isoptera, Blattodea) and two species of stoneflies (Plecoptera). The determined absolute genome sizes and variance rates were compared within individual orders, within the Polyneoptera group, and compared with the genome sizes of other insect taxa....
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Flow cytometry in insects biosystematics
Javůrková, Jaroslava ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílek, David (referee)
The size of the genome, in other words the content of DNA in the gametic cells of organisms, is expressed using the C-value indicating the number of nuclear base pairs in units of Mpb or the mass of DNA in units of pg. A simple method used, among other things, to determine the size of the genome is flow cytometry, which in recent years has been very popular, especially among botanists. The study of insects is lagging behind in regard to the number of described species of insect numbering more than one million in comparison to the number of species whose genome size is known (only a few hundred of them). This diploma thesis therefore aims to expand the dataset on the size of the genomes of representatives of the Polyneoptera group, to compare the data found within individual orders and to help understand the links of genome size to the evolution and ecology of insects. This work provides genome size information for eighty species of insects of the Polyneoptera group. The results showed the largest insect genome measured so far - the locust Dictyophorus griseus (149.33 pg), whose genome size exceeds the previously published results by several times. Key words: flow cytometry, genome size, c-value, Polyneoptera
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