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Physiological and metabolomic responses of Castanea sativa to infection with Phytophthora ×cambivora and P. cinnamomi
 Kudláček, Tomáš
The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a tree species of a high ecological and economical importance. One of the most decimating diseases of this species is so called ink disease caused by the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora ×cambivora and Phytophthora cinnamomi. Within this thesis it was for the first time studied how these two pathogens interact when co-inoculated, while also differentiating between the two mating types (A1 and A2) of Phytophthora ×cambivora. One of the main contributions of this work is a simultaneous use of various methods to investigate the post-infection processes within the plants. Two chestnut provenances (from Portugal and Serbia) were subjected to inoculation with P. cinnamomi, P. ×cambivora A1, P. ×cambivora A2 and all their combinations. In addition to monitoring the infection progress in terms of visual symptoms and mortality, the plant responses were also evaluated at the physiological and metabolomic levels. Subsequently, advanced modelling techniques were applied to assess a potential of the measured physiological parameters as early warning signals of severe infection. Differences in plant responses were observed between the treatments. The P. cinnamomi-including treatments showed higher aggresiveness than the P. ×cambivora-including treatments. Various infection-specific and infection-nonspecific differences in the studied parameters were observed between the two tested provenances. The light use efficiency spectral reflectance indices showed to be the most important predictors of mortality. The carotenoid reflectance indices displayed the highest relevance for predicting time to mortality. This study aims to deepen our understanding of complex interactions within the chestnut-Phytophthora pathosystems with practical applications in mind.
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