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Comparison of knowledge from nuclear physics for protection of inhabitants at laical and expert community
BARTOŇOVÁ, Miroslava
The primary objective of this thesis was to achieve comparison of knowledge of nuclear physics for population protection between general and professional public. This idea is based on the assumption of the possible existence of extraordinary events with occurring ionizing radiation and for this reason it is necessary to train specialists for the eventuality of these cases. These professionals should have wider knowledge of nuclear physics than general lay population. This issue has not been examined with lay and professional public yet, as well as there has been no comparison of the two listed groups. Another objective of this thesis was to structure the basics of nuclear physics for workers in civil protection training. For this purpose, the author of this work created a model of nuclear physics, reflecting the basic knowledge of nuclear physics, based on the analysis of the curricula for the IRS. The author explored the forms of studies of university program for the public protection, of members of the Fire and Rescue Service, of university study program for paramedics, of staff of the Anti-organised crime department of Police of the Czech Republic and of the Customs Administration. The analysis showed the widest expected range of knowledge at the technicians of the Chemical Service of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech republic (the chemist), who are professionally trained in the handling of hazardous substances and ionizing radiation sources. These members have become the monitored representatives for the professional community in the survey of this thesis. Lay general public was represented by people from the social circle of the author of this work, i.e. they were an unrepresentative sample of the general public. The theory of physics curricular process was also used, the application of which served to create an alternative test from nuclear physics, which was presented to the respondents. The questionnaires were filled in by 52 technicians of the Chemical Service of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech republic from different parts of the country and by 50 people of the lay public. It should be noted that the questionnaire was created considering the training of the technicians of the Chemical Service, in which nuclear physics has only a supporting role. One of the objectives of the thesis also included the subsequent statistical evaluation of the applied tests of the knowledge of nuclear physics. For validating mainly the non-parametric and parametric hypotheses tests were used. For the theoretical division of knowledge among professionals the existence of the Poisson distribution (the distribution of "rare" cases) was assumed and the theoretical division of investigating the general public should be close to a normal distribution. Also the difference between the knowledge of laymen and experts was investigated. To meet the defined objectives of this work three hypotheses were set, for their verification the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics were used. Hypotheses were set as follows: H1. Theoretical distribution of knowledge among the general public will be close to normal distribution. H2. Theoretical distribution of knowledge among professionals will not have a normal distribution. H3. Comparison of knowledge in both groups by using the parametric tests will lead to the adoption of alternative hypothesis. All three defined hypotheses were verified via statistical survey and accepted positively. The test, however, does not show the ability or inability of the tested experts to carry out practical tasks associated with their profession. This thesis only aimed to discover theoretical knowledge of nuclear physics, which is based on the theoretical assumption that specialists dealing with adverse events with occurring ionizing radiation pass through a variety of specialized courses that include introduction to the theory of nuclear physics.
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