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Education of mothers in the care of a child with cerebral palsy
KURÁŽOVÁ, Natálie
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of cerebral palsy and education of mothers in the care of children with this disease. The thesis focuses on the perception of the child's needs from the perspective of mothers and nurses, as well as the educational process that is carried out between the mother of a child with CP and the nurse who educates. The aim of the thesis was to find out how mothers and nurses perceive the needs of children with cerebral palsy and how the mother's education process takes place in the care of this specific child patient. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part describes the disease of cerebral palsy including definition, causes, diagnosis, forms, classification and treatment. Next, the ideal education by the nurse and the needs of the child are described. The practical part includes results obtained through semi-structured interviews with nurses and mothers of children with CP, recorded with a dictaphone on a mobile device and then transcribed for later analysis and categorization. Six categories were identified through categorisation: child's needs from the nurse's perspective, maternal education, communication of diagnosis, child's needs from the mother's perspective, education by the nurse and support for families of children with CP. The categories were then converted into diagrams. A total of six mothers of children with CP and six nurses who had already met children with CP participated in the research process. The results of the research revealed that the mothers' and nurses' perspectives on sufficient education differed. Mothers want individually tailored education even in post-hospitalization care, while nurses consider it sufficient to provide information related only to the current problem with which the child is hospitalized. Therefore, this work is an excellent basis to complement the studies of future paediatric nurses. The work serves to prevent negative experiences of mothers during the period of hospitalization with their child caused by ineffective and lack of education.
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The role of the pediatric nurse in the realization of newborn screening
KUBÍKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis examines the role of a pediatric nurse in providing newborn screening, focusing on the educational process of mothers, their involvement during the screening process, and the challenges they encounter. The aim is to describe the range of nursing activities involved in providing newborn screening. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part provides detailed descriptions of population-wide screening examinations. Specifically, it covers screening for congenital syphilis from umbilical cord blood, laboratory screening for 20 diseases, screening for cataracts, congenital deafness, and developmental dysplasia of the hips. In subsequent chapters, I focus on the competencies of pediatric nurses and their role in providing newborn screening. The practical part includes methodology, research findings, and discussion. The data collection utilized a semi-structured interview method. The research sample consisted of pediatric nurses working in the physiological newborn unit and intermediate care station at the neonatology department of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. and at the pediatric department of the Regional Hospital Jihlava. During the interviews, I asked a series of questions to nurses to ascertain their familiarity with newborn screening issues. Based on the establishment of one goal, three research questions were formulated. The first question addresses the extent of parental education currently provided by pediatric nurses. The research indicates that the majority of nurses have a comprehensive understanding in this area and are able to convey the required information to parents. The second question examines nurses' opinions on parental involvement in newborn screening implementation. The research demonstrates that nurses actively encourage parents' presence during procedures. The third question focuses on the challenges that pediatric nurses may most commonly encounter in providing newborn screening. To a small extent, there is a possible underestimation of procedural pain management by parents during procedures. However, the research does not reveal any significant issues in providing newborn screening.
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Nursing care of a paediatric patient with diabetes mellitus type I.
PETŘÍČKOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis is focused on the care of children with type I diabetes mellitus by nuirses working in diabetes clinics. In the theoretical part, there are characteristics of diabetes mellitus, its classification causes, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and also the specific needs of paediatric patients diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus. The first aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluete the current state of nursing care of paediatric patients with type I diabetes mellitus. The second aim was to find out and identify the specific needs of paediatric patients with type I diabetes mellitu. The third aim was to try to suggest improvements in nursing practices and strategies for paediatric patients with type I diabetes mellitus based on the findings. The pactical part of the bachelor thesis was elaborated by using a qualitative research method. We used a questionnaire method and a semi-structured interview technique to collect the data. The research file consisted of nine nurses working in the Children's Hospital in Brno in diabetes outpatient surgeries with different length of experience. After transcribing the interviews with the respondents verbatim, we analyzed the results by using open coding using the pencil and paper method, where we esstablished a total of seven categories: age of children with type I diabetes mellitus, initial symptoms of children with type I diabetes mellitus, education, violation of treatment regimen, improvement of treatment regimen, limitations of diabetes in personal life, and visit to the diabetes clinic. The results of the research are presented in the various tables and charts of the empirical part of this paper. The research shows that the most common age of children with type I diabetes mellitus is preschool age. Initial symptoms in children with type I diabetes mellitus were most commonly reported by the respondents as frequent urination, excessive thirst, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. Only one respondent stated that she did not observe any symptoms. Insulin administration was the most frequently reported educational intervention. Within the treatment regimen violation, not applying insulin and improving the treatment regimen, educating the children resulted the most. Limitations of diabetes in personal life most of the respondents said that they do not have any limitations. According to the most frequent answers of the respondents, the visit to the diabetes clinic is regularly once in three months. We believe that the results of this bachelor thesis could be used as educational material in diabetes clinics for paediatric patients to extend information about proper diet and lifestyle.
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Enuresis in paediatric patients from the perspective of a paediatric nurse
VETÝŠKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with enuresis in pediatric patients from the perspective of a pediatric nurse. This condition is often referred to as involuntary urination. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes enuresis, the anatomical and physiological description of the urinary system. Furthermore, it discusses psychological and anatomical changes that may cause enuresis, the psychological needs of patients suffering from enuresis, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. The role of pediatric nurses providing specific care to children with enuresis as well as education to children and their paretns is also described based on aliterature review. The practical part focuses on the specifics of nursing care for children with enuresis. While patients with this disease are more commonly encountered in nephrology clinics, pediatric nurses also encounter enuresis in pediatric wards. The main objectives of this bachelor thesis are to explore the experiences and opinions of nurses on the care of pediatric patients with enuresis, understand how pediatric nurses perceive enuresis inpediatric patients, and examine the strategies and approaches used by pediatric nurses in caring for pediatric patients with enuresis. Interviews were conducted with pediatric nurses to achieve these goals and methodologies. Additional interviews were conducted with parents of children with enuresis, and all interview results were categorized into 10 categories. The research revealed that nurses are knowledgeable about the specifics of nursing care for children with enuresis and have experience with these patients. Respondents utilize appropriate and effective strategies and approaches in caring for children with enuresis.
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The role of the paediatric nurse in vaccination
SMETANOVÁ, Lucie
Current situation: Nowadays, we can more often meet parents who refuse expectations for their child. For other parents, it is not clear how they should behave when offered standard and above-standard vaccinations. They do not have enough information, or they have too much information, often purposeful, often inaccurate, or, on the contrary, expert but not understandable to the general public. Aim of the study: The aim of the research was to determine the current role of the paediatric nurse in the vaccination process, to assess their role in providing information to parents, to identify the barriers encountered by paediatric nurses in the vaccination process and, last but not least, to assess the level of parental awareness of vaccination. Methodology: For the quantitative research, non-standardized questionnaires were used. The questionnaires were distributed via social networks and also in paper form in the South Bohemia region. 215 questionnaires were obtained and processed as part of the survey. Qualitative analysis was carried out using semi-structured interviews. Nurses working in primary care at PLDDs in České Budějovice and Třeboň participated in the interviews. Results: The quantitative part of the survey found that parental awareness is high and parents often seek information about vaccination themselves. Out of the total 215 respondents, only 6 (3%) respondents do not vaccinate. The biggest reasons for not vaccinating are concerns about the reaction. Related to this is the question about fear of side effects, to which 111 (52%) of the 215 respondents answered that they were concerned. Paediatric nurses play a very important role in the vaccination process from education, storage, preparation, administration of the vaccine to monitoring the child after vaccination. From the qualitative survey, it was assessed that the key role of the pediatric nurse lies in the education of both children and adults. The results of the quantitative survey also agree with this. Conclusion: It is very important not to stop vaccination education. Parental education is therefore very important and should be started as soon as possible.
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Motivation of pediatric nursing students for the pediatric nursing profession
HRABOVSKÁ, Alžběta
The theoretical part of the thesis was divided into two parts: the first one introduces the field of pediatric nursing, the second one focuses on motivation. In the first chapter which is relates to pediatric nursing, the history of pediatrics is described, the concept of pediatrics role of pediatric nurse, pediatric nursing education, competencies and scope of pediatric nursing is explained. In the second chapter, which concerns motivation, the concept of motivation, sources of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, need and motive, motivation to learn and to work are described.The aim of this study was to investigate students' motivation to study paediatric nursing and to find out whether paediatric nursing students' preferences for practice in the future profession of paediatric nursing change during their studies. Quantitative research methodology was emloyed for the empirical segment of the thesis, where data collection was conducted throught self-constructed questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was conducted at selected universities with a Pediatric Nursing program. The schools participating in the research are the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the South Bohemian University, the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Ostrava and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine. The research population for the research data consisted of 96 respondents.The quantitative results showed the following. The first hypothesis, that the greatest motivating factor for the profession of pediatric nurse is a positive relationship with children, was not confirmed. According to the graph, the strongest motivating factor for studying pediatric nursing is the response of helping children, which was converted with a score of 3.9 on the scoring scale. A positive relationship with children was converted to a score of 3.8. Job security was converted to a score of 3.5. Job prestige was converted to a score of 3.1 on the scoring scale. The least motivating factor (compared to the other responses) is financial reward, which was converted to a score of 2.6. The second hypothesis, that preferences for practice in the future profession of pediatric nursing vary with the length of study, was not supported. The third hypothesis, that preferences for practice in the future profession of pediatric nursing change depending on the form of study, was not confirmed. The second and third hypotheses were tested by questions that were only addressed to second and third year students. The statistical chi-square test was used to test the validity of hypotheses H2 and H3. The null hypothesis was tested against the alternative hypothesis at a significance level of 5 %. The bachelor's thesis can provide a closer look at the motivation for studying for a future career as a pediatric nurse directly from the perspective of pediatric nursing students. It can also serve as feedback for faculty to determine if students are satisfied with their studies. The results of this work were presented at the SVOČ and will be shared with the participating faculty.
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The effect of play therapy on the child's psychological well-being during hospitalization
ARBELOVSKÁ, Natálie
Current status: The course of hospitalization can be a very stressful situation for a child that he or she may not have encountered before. The child may experience fear of the unknown, loneliness and separation from peers. Play therapy is a therapeutic method that helps to ease the child's hospitalization. This play can be used as a tool and motivation for hospitalized children. The objective of this thesis is to map the effects of a hospital stay on the child's psyche. Another aim is to determine the effect of play therapy on the psychological well-being of the hospitalized child. Methodology: A qualitative research strategy was chosen for the research part. Semi-structured interview technique and observation technique were chosen for data collection. The sampled population that were interviewed, consisted of parents and their children who were admitted to a pediatric ward. The results: The result of the analysis of the responses to the research questions revealed, that the use of play therapy in the hospital has a significant positive effect on the psyche of the hospitalized child and on a better experience of the hospital environment. When examining the second objective, it was found that the majority of the children hospitalized in the pediatric ward did not show significant psychological sequelae due to their hospital stay, suggesting that this stay did not have a significant impact on their psychological state. Conclusion: The research investigation revealed that play therapy in hospital is an integral part of hospitalisation and helps children to relax and better experience their hospitalisation. It has a significant positive impact on their psyche. This bachelor thesis can serve as a study material for students dealing with this issue. Based on the results of the study, an educational leaflet "the use of play therapy in blood collection" was designed. The leaflet will serve, as an aid for nurses in the pediatric ward. Based on the results of the study, an educational plan "the use of play therapy during blood collection" was designed. The plan will serve as a tool for nurses in the children's ward.
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Nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate
PRÁŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the nursing care of children witch cleft lip defects and palate. The prevalence of cleft defects has decreased thanks to modern prenatal diagnosis, but cleft palate and cleft lip are still at the top of the ranking among the most common congenital developmental defects. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and physiology of the oronasal region, prenatal care, classification of cleft lip and palate, history of treatment and current surgical treatment, nursing process and multidisciplinary care. In this bachelor thesis three objectives were set. The first objective was to determine the nutritional nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate defects. The second objective was to determine the nursing care after surgery for a child with cleft lip and palate defect. The third and final objective was to determine parental awareness of cleft lip and palate defect in their children. The research investigation of the bachelor thesis was conducted through qualitative research in the form of a case study. The case study includes a description of the situation, a description of the factors that caused the situation, a description of the procedures used and their impact on the resolution of the situation, and in particular an evaluation of the resolution of the situation and, where appropriate, suggestions for further action. The content structure became case studies: the characteristics of the client and his/her initial situation. To obtain this information, an analysis of medical records, nursing documentation, child observation and the nursing process was carried out to create a detailed nursing case history of children with the problem using the Nanda Taxonomy II. Based on the information obtained, we developer a nursing plan for two children with surgical correction of this defect. Categorization of the case study was done. According to the detailed analysis of the nursing case studies, we have created categories and subcategories, which are discussed and described in detail under each scheme. The research investigation was conducted in a specialized unit dedicated to the treatment of developmental defects of the lip and palate in pediatric patients. The research was conducted from February to mid-April 2023. Parents of children with cleft defects were interviewed to supplement the information. All of this information that was found is completely anonymous. The interview included a total of 23 pre-designed questions. Individual interviews were recorded on a mobile phone and then transcribed verbatim into Microsoft Word. Then, the parents´ interviews were analyzed and categorized using the pencil-paper method. Based on the research investigation, it was found that care is provided individually, according to the congenital defect in the lip and palate and the extent of its damage. This determines the timeliness of surgical treatment and associated nutrition. A detailed analysis of the nursing process and the creation of nursing diagnoses related to the specific patient with a congenital defect in the lip and palate region was performed. The research revealed that careful professional awareness of the parents was taken care of. Despite the fact that mothers reported sufficient awareness, some sought further information on the internet and/or in leaflets from the doctor. In terms of nursing care for children after surgery, these children are hospitalized as soon as possible after birth. These early surgeries are done for faster healing and from a psychological point of view. This bachelor thesis can be used in theoretical teaching in nursing process focused on surgical issues. In my opinion, this thesis could also be used to expand the awareness of cleft defects among health care professionals in practice.
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The role of the pediatric nurse in providing laboratory newborn screening
STEINBAUEROVÁ, Julie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of the pediatric nurse in newborn laboratory screening. The pediatric nurse has an indispensable role in the entire process, educating parents prior to collection, obtaining informed consent from parents prior to testing, preparing supplies, performing the actual collection, checking and preparing the collected specimens for shipment to the screening laboratory. Although the thesis is primarily focused on maternal education prior to collection and possible errors during collection that may negatively affect the results of the examination, the theoretical and practical part of the thesis also covers other topics related to newborn laboratory screening, not least the description of the methodology of the correct collection procedure and subsequent verification of knowledge of its principles in a research investigation with nurses. The first objective was to describe the process of maternal education by the pediatric nurse prior to collection. The second objective was to determine the knowledge of pediatric nurses about the negative impact of substandard blood collection on screening outcome. The research part of the study was based on qualitative research, using the interview method. Data collection was carried out using the technique of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nurses from neonatology departments of selected Prague hospitals. Data analysis was done by pencil paper method, then the results were divided into three categories and described in diagrams. The survey found that nurses perceive the language barrier as the biggest difficulty in educating mothers before delivery, but they have resources available to help them overcome this barrier in practice. It was also found that nurses are well informed and have sufficient knowledge about the principles of dry drop blood collection. The most common errors in collection were described by nurses as insufficient or incorrectly filled in targets on the filter paper and illegible data on the screening card. This work can be used to educate pediatric nurses, and recommendations for practice include focusing on non-pharmacological methods of procedural pain relief for newborns during collection and checking specimens before sending them to screening laboratories to avoid unnecessary repeat collections.
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Ensuring comfort and safety for newborns and infants
JELÍNKOVÁ, Karolína
The bachelor thesis focuses on a specific issue concerning comfort and safety establishment for newborns and infants. Comfort and safety is the key component of newborn and infant care. This bachelor thesis focuses on paediatric nurses´ and mothers´ perspective on the comfort and the safety ensurement of the newborn and the infant, furthermore focuses on the education of mothers provided in this field by the paediatric nurse and on the way by which comfort and safety of the newborn and the infant is ensured by the mother in the home environment. Four objectives were set in the bachelor thesis. The first objective was to describe the perspective of pediatric nurses on ensuring comfort and safety in newborns and infants. The second objective was to determine the way how to educate mothers in the field of providing comfort and safety to newborns and infants. The third objective was to describe the mothers' perspective on ensuring comfort and safety of newborns and infants and the last objective chosen was to find out the method of ensuring comfort and safety of newborns and infants by mothers in the home environment. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis defines the concepts of the neonatal and the infant period, and follows up basic human needs, particularly the need of security and safety and the need of love and together belonging. The theoretical part also describes possibilities of comfort and safety ensurement of newborns and infants, such as skin to skin contact, bonding, newborn bathing including skin care, proper handling, safe sleep, and finally the use of baby massage, aromatherapy and swaddling. The research part of the thesis was based on qualitative survey, using an interview method. The data collection was done using in-depth interview technique with pediatric nurses and mothers of newborns and infants. Data analysis was done using pencil paper method. Subsequently, categories of in-depth interviews were created separately for paediatric nurses and mothers. Five categories were created for the baby nurses: Providing the Need for Security and Safety from the Baby Nurses' Perspective, The way of the Baby Nurse Education Conduct, Content of the Education, Use of Alternative Methods in the Child Care from the Baby Nurses' Perspective and Preparation for the Child Care. For mothers, five categories were also created, which include: Providing the Need of Security and Safety from the Mothers' Perspective, The Education, The Sleep, Use of Alternative Methods in the Child Care from the Mothers' Perspective, and The Layette Set. Corresponding sub-categories were then created for the categories. The research revealed that paediatric nurses just as mothers had the same perspective on providing comfort and security for the newborn and infant. They agreed that it is necessary that mother and baby are to be in constant contact, including cuddling, caressing and talking to the baby, generally speaking to be the loving mother. The research survey also showed us that mothers are not sufficiently educated in the area of handling the newborn and infant and in safe sleeping. Based on the results of the research, two educational leaflets were developed containing the principles of proper handling and safe sleep for newborn and infant.
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