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Effect of management and soil conditions on the frequency of field vole (Microtus arvalis) and common mole (Tapla europaea) in grassland
ŠPILAUER, Tomáš
This thesis examines the influence of grassland management and soil conditions on the occurrence of field voles (Microtus arvalis) and common moles (Talpa europaea) in grasslands. Literature review covers soil conditions, meadow management practices, and descriptions of the two species. The practical research involved ob-serving and counting molehills and field vole burrows on defined plots. All new molehills and burrows on the pasture and meadow were recorded. The study was conducted on two plots in two periods: Plot 1 (May 2023 - March 2024) and Plot 2 (February 1 - March 22, 2024). Differences in management methods and soil conditions affected the occurrence of the animals. Burrows were more prevalent in meadows, while molehills were more common in pastures. Waterlogged meadows had no burrows. Molehill occurrence was influenced by vegetation cover and soil disturbance. Most molehills and burrows were observed between November 2023 and the end of March 2024.
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Comparison of cattle and horse behaviour and impact on grazing vegetation in a selected area
TESÁRKOVÁ, Marie
Pasture is an integral part of suckler cattle farming and is an equally important part of horse breeding. Pasture also has an impact on landscape appearance, biodiversity and water retention. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to compare the impact of cattle and horse grazing on pasture and to assess the status of pasture and horses in the selected area. This thesis is divided into two parts (theoretical and practical). The theoretical part deals with the use of TTP by grazing, factors influencing the species composition of grassland, the effects of grazing on grazing vegetation, differences in grazing between cattle and horses, the effect of cattle and horse grazing on the soil, cattle and horse behaviour, pasture equipment, pasture treatments, elimination of vegetation damage, grazing and the effect of grazing on biodiversity. The practical part deals with the comparison of cattle (4 pastures) and horse (2 pastures) pastures in terms of species composition, pasture load and forage yield. Furthermore, the application of the sown mixture and the evaluation of the ethological activities of cattle (9 cows, 8 calves and 1 Aberdeen angus bull) and horses (2 horses).
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Analýza využitelnosti jednoduchých indikátorů pastevního tlaku zvěře na les pro plánování lovu v honitbách
Rachůnek, Karel
This work deals with the analysis and evaluation of the usability of simple indicators of grazing pressure of game on the forest. The territory in the Zlín region was selected for the elaboration of this bachelor's thesis, specifically the hunting of MS Kyčera. The field survey was performed by the patrol method. Data from control and comparison areas (CCA), transects and artificial cultures were used to assess damage. Eight stands were selected for evaluation. Three main tree species in the area were evaluated, namely beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and white fir (Abies alba). Based on the damage by grazing pressure, the number of ungulates in the given area was evaluated.
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Vliv ročního období a četnosti pastvy na produkci mléka a mléčných výrobků od krav holštýnského skotu ve vybraném podniku
Kulišťáková, Michaela
In this work, the effects of seasons and frequency of grazing on the quality of Holstein cattle´s milk and milk products was monitored. Data from milk reccording of Z. P. Z. farm in Valašská Bystřice were used to obtain the results for year 2015. Dairy cows were categorized in numerical order of lactation into the three numerically equal groups that are dairy cows in 1st, 2nd and 3rd to 6th lactation. Deviations of milk yield were being observed during the year in relation to pasture. We also studied whether there was also change in representation of other milk components, especially in fat and proteins in the particular groups and well as in the whole herd. The results of the analysis showed that the most balanced milk yield during the monitoring of dairy cows was achieved in the winter months. When coming to and leaving from the pasture, we recorded significant declines in all observed values. During period of grazing, our results were highly fluctuating with the lowest values of milk yield (24.65 kg) and content of fat (3.67 %) recorded in August, which we attribute to high average daily temperatures. However, highest values were recorded during January for milk yields (32.25 kg) and during December for contents of fat and proteins (4.47 % and 3.37 % respectively). Effect of seasons on milk products was evaluated according to market demand. Highest demand for cheese and quark was recorded during spring months.
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Hodnocení managementu pastvy ovcí v chráněných oblastech
Trojanová, Eva
The diploma thesis Evaluation of Sheep Grazing Management in Protected Areas deals with the use of grazing for sheep nutrition, sheep ethology, especially the influences that affect grazing behavior, and the use of grazing in the maintenance of vegetation in the National Nature Reserve of Mohelno Serpentinite Steppe. The 2018 grazing season in the National Nature Reserve of Mohelno Serpentinite Steppe took place from 23rd April to 25th May 2018 and three ethological observations were taken during this grazing season. On 9th, 17th and 21st May, the activities of the herd were recorded – namely lying, standing, walking and grazing. On the first observed day (May 9), the activities were represented in the ratio: grazing 37.50%, walking 12.35%, standing 5.81% and lying 44.34%. On the second day of observation (May 17), grazing took up 39.15% of the total observation time, walking 12.27%, standing 18.95% and lying 29.62%. On the last day of observation (May 21), the ratios of daily activities were: grazing 34.07%, walking 10.25%, standing 9.37% and lying 46.31%. Activities were also recorded depending on the grazing area, and the effect of air temperature on sheep behavior was investigated. The results are processed in charts and graphs in the appendix.
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Možnosti využití travních porostů v rámci agrolesnictví
Macek, Libor
The bachelor's thesis deals with the use of grasslands with a focus on grasses and clover in agroforestry systems. The first part describes the agroforestry itself – its characteristics and significance. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on woody plants suitable for agroforestry systems, especially in the conditions of Central Europ, as well as on their production and non-production functions. The most suitable representatives are for example, walnut (Juglans), poplar (Populus), but also less economically used representatives, such as cherry (Prunus) or rowan (Sorbus). At the same time, agroforestry is divided into certain units, which are characterized by their functions, both in the tropics and in Europe. The most typical systems in Europe are mainly silvopastoral systems, but also increasingly used alley cropping on arable land. The second part describes various agroforestry systems using grasslands as well as practical examples of functioning systems in different climate zones. Attention is also paid to individual members of the family Poaceae and Fabaceae suitable for their characteristic properties in these systems. The most important for shading appear to be tolerant representatives such as Agrostis stolonifera L. or Festuca arundinacea Schreb. from the Poaceae family or Meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) from the Fabaceae family. Possible interactions related to the coexistence of woody plants, grasses and clover, such as competition and allelopathy, are also not neglected.
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Methodological tasks of livestock density in pastures and etological observation of cattle in pasture
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to design suitable ways of expressing the load of grazing areas and monitoring cattle during grazing with regard to the condition of pastures. These goals were achieved on the basis of one-year monitoring and analysis of pasture on the monitored pastures. At the same time, when monitoring the botanical composition of pastures, the behavior of cattle on pasture and its influence on pasture and soil compaction were monitored.
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Populace hnědásků (Melitaeini) na nelesních stanovištích NP Podyjí refaunovaných pastvou koní
HÁJKOVÁ, Klára
This thesis evaluates the impact of refaunation by the Exmoor pony on populations of five Melitaea butterfly species - Melitaea athalia, M. cinxia, M. didyma, M. britomartis and M. aurelia inhabiting xeric grasslands of the Podyjí National Park - Havranické Vřesoviště and Mašovická Střelnice. Both grassland sites are grazed since 2018. I compared adult butterflies' demography structure, mobility, spatial distribution, and habitat requirements with an earlier study carried out before the impact of horses (Vodičková et al., 2019). I detected multiple changes, some of them attributable to the horses (e.g., butterfly spatial distribution) and some not (e.g., population sizes), but also a remarkable stability, e.g., in dispersal parameters.
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Vliv managementu na složení rostlinných společenstev a na ohrožené zájmové druhy NPR Vyšenské kopce
VACEK, Michal
The study assessed the impact of grazing on the composition of plant communities and endangered plant species. We studied the effect of grazing using (grazed and ungrazed control) permanent plots established 20 years ago in a semi-natural calcareous grassland in the National Nature Reserve Vyšenké kopce, and established new permanent experimental treatment plots for mowing. We compared the species composition and the numbers of species between managements and compared the results based on monitoring in different seasons of the year.
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Vliv refaunace velkými herbivory na vybrané skupiny hmyzu
VODIČKOVÁ, Veronika
This thesis studies the impact of refaunation by wild large ungulates on the butterflies, aculeate Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera assemblages. The data collection in field were undertaken in 2019 and 2020 within nine localities refaunated by large ungulates across the Czech Republic. Plots within the grazing enclosures were compared with controls, life history traits ordinations and comparisons of function traits diversities were used to interpret the patterns. Responses of the insect groups to refaunation are taxon specific, but generally, large ungulates contribute to creation and maintenance of functionally more diverse insect communities.
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