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Specifics of nursing care in children before and after cardiac surgery.
NOVOTNÁ, Stanislava
Heart defects are classified into two types: critical and non-critical, with the vast majority of heart defects requiring immediate initiation of treatment or initiation of surgery. This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children before and after such a cardiac surgery invasion. The first goal of this work was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery, the second goal was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery, and the third goal of the bachelor thesis was to map the issue of nursing care for children before and after cardiac surgery from the parents' point of view. In the bachelor thesis, two research questions and two hypotheses were set. The first research question concerned the specifics of nursing care for children before heart surgery. The second research question aimed to define the specifics of nursing care for children after heart surgery based on findings. In the first hypothesis, we were interested in whether the parents of children undergoing cardiac surgery are educated in the field of nursing care. The second hypothesis was to determine whether the parents of children undergoing heart surgery are satisfied with nursing care. The first part of the research was carried out using the method of qualitative research, in the form of a semi-structured interview with nurses who care for children before or after heart surgery. The second part of the research was carried out by the method of quantitative research, in the form of anonymous questionnaires with parents of children before and after cardiac surgery. Interviews in the qualitative survey showed that nurses have sufficient knowledge in the field of preoperative and postoperative care. They can independently determine what preoperative preparation is needed, which samples are important before surgery, what premedication is appropriate and how long before the procedure the child should be fasted, which is very important for new-borns. In postoperative care, their knowledge is above standard. They can evaluate complications after operations and, if necessary, are able to intervene independently. They are familiar with the area of sampling and examinations, which must be done immediately upon arrival from the hospital ward, and can evaluate how to load the digestive tract after surgery. A lot of knowledge also comes from communication with parents, where the sisters see great pitfalls that could be addressed in the form of seminars on communication. From the evaluation of the results of the quantitative survey, it was found that the parents of the children are sufficiently educated in the field of nursing care and are satisfied with the nursing care. Based on the results, it can be stated that in comparison with the theoretical knowledge, the nurses have essentially the same knowledge. Preoperative and postoperative care for children with heart defects is very demanding and burdensome not only for the child but also for nurses, and therefore it is very welcome that the parents of the children were satisfied with the education and nursing care.
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The issue of compensation of a heart valve from the perspective of the patient
MUNDLOVÁ, Anna
A heart valve replacement is one of the most technically difficult cardiac surgeries. For the patient, it means a mental and physical health intervention. Heart valve surgery is currently the second most common cardiac surgery - accounting for up to 20% of the total number of cardiac surgeries. The goals and objectives of a heart valve replacement are to improve patients' quality of life and their medical prognosis. The heart valve replacement is carried out only in cases when we cannot perform the heart valve plastic surgery and thereby replace the entire heart valve with an artificial one. Heart valve prosthetics can be mechanical - patients with this kind of prosthetics are then warfarinized for life or they can also be made of biological material (bioprosthetics). Patients with bioprostehtics require only a three month long anticoagulant therapy. Temporary postoperative complications may occur such as dyspnoea, gastric and intestinal atony or aggravation of pulmonary functions. Among the rarer complications are rhythm disorders, thrombosis of prosthetic heart valve, and last but not least infective endocarditis. The patients, after the heart valve replacement, are at a greater risk of complications, therefore they are obliged to always have their patient at risk of infection endocarditis card with them (see appendix 4). After the operation the patients are informed about the lifestyle changes they are to follow within their daily routine, the information is delivered by doctors and nurses. The task of the nurses is to inform the patient about the lifestyle changes together with doctors. Good understanding and observance of these lifestyle changes help to improve patients' life after the heart valve replacement. This bachelor thesis is divided into an empirical and theoretical part. The theoretical part focussing on the problems connected with the heart valve replacement, valvular imperfections, perioperative nursing, patients' lifestyle changes and their quality of life.
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Satiation biological end psychical needs by the patients after cardiac surgery
BARTŮŇKOVÁ, Miroslava
A man with his needs goes more and more forward and all care should come out from. The basement of a good quality care is a searching and fulfilling of biological, psychological, social and spirit needs influenced by disorders. To find biological and psychological needs of patients´ out has been a goal of this bachelor work. Two hypotheses have been established. Hypothesis 1: In a post heart surgery care process biological needs are primary fulfilled. Hypothesis 2: The post heart surgery patients feel the major deficiency in psychological needs saturation. While hypothesis number one has been approved the hypothesis number two has failed. The results of the research will be provided to the concerning ward headmasters. These results can be used for the improvement of post heart surgery care problems solution.
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Cardiac Surgical Patient in the RES Room and the Approach of a Nurse to Nursing Care
KAFKOVÁ, Zuzana
In the past years, the cardiac surgery performance was very demanding. The limited range of medical performances, imperfect procedures and techniques resulted in frequent postoperative complications and high postoperative mortality. Over time, surgical techniques, heart replacements, extracorporeal circulation and postoperative care have improved. This makes it possible today to operate on much older patients, where surgeries previously were nor feasible. The diploma thesis on the topic Cardiac surgical patient in the RES room and the approach of a nurse to nursing care is dedicated to the patient after heart surgery. It deals with meeting the patient's needs in the RES room and what the patient perceives while staying in the resuscitation unit and what he /she needs from a nurse. In the empirical part of this thesis two objectives were stated. To determine what a cardiac surgical patient perceives and what he /she needs in the RES room, and to find out whether it is possible to improve the quality of patient-oriented care. Based on these objectives, hypotheses and research questions were established. The objectives were successfully achieved, the hypothesis was confirmed and the questions answered. The research was conducted using qualitative quantitative research methods in the RES units of the cardiac surgery department, where the patients with heart disease are operated on. For the quantitative research the questionnaire interview method was selected. The qualitative research method was used to carry out semi-conducted interviews with the patients.
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