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Point-of-care tests and ultrasonography in pre-hospital care and on the emergency department
SÝKOROVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor thesis thoroughly explores how healthcare professionals perceive the utilization of point-of-care tests (POCT) and ultrasound in pre-hospital care andon the emergency department. The aim is to understand their attitudes and opinions on the practicality, reliability, and effectiveness of these diagnostic methods in both areas of care. Additionally, it focuses on gaining a deeper understanding of their experiences and evaluations to contribute to optimizing the provision of care outside hospital settings and in acute situations. The theoretical part of the thesis provides detailed descriptions of individual point- of-care testing analyzers, their specific advantages and disadvantages. For interest, the historical development of these bedside monitors is also mentioned. The theoretical part does not omit point-of-care ultrasound, which is focused on its direct application in practice. The research investigation of the thesis is dedicated to qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with professionals working in the field care (Emergency Medical Services, Air Ambulance Services) and in the Emergency Department. From each area, there is at least one representative who is a physician, and the other is a nurse or a paramedic. The course of the interviews included 14 open-ended questions, which were divided into two categories. The first category contained 4 questions regarding the dentification details of the respondents such as workplace, job position, level of education and length of practice. The second category included 10 questions focused on the respondents' attitudes towards the use of POCT and POCUS in their daily practice. We are interested in their actual use in situations where rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for providing healthcare.
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Risks in the emergency department in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic
SMÝKALOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis focuses on the risks in the emergency department that may occur in newly emerging major epidemics, similar to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the thesis was mainly to assess the risks of care and to identify the characteristic features of patients with COVID-19. The intention was to find out how positive (infectious) patients are identified. The final chosen aim was to develop recommendations containing measures for the management of patients with COVID-19 disease and minimizing risks in the emergency department. The method of research investigation to achieve the set objectives was by retrospective observational study and participating observation. The research was conducted in adult patients with a focus on positive patients in a low threshold emergency department. The data obtained from the prospective observational study were processed using the computer program STATISTICA 12. According to the results of the study, more positive patients were referred to the outpatient department from the waiting room, while significantly more positive patients were referred to the standard ward, ICU, CCU or ED from the observation hall. In both cases, more than 80 % of positive patients from the observation ward were admitted to the ICU and standard units. According to the average number of patients, 8 % more patients visited the low threshold emergency department on a weekday than on a weekend. From the observational cohort, the identification of positive patients in 112 (56.85 %) cases was done using Rapid Ag test, The results of the data analysis will be beneficial in terms of risk to make recommendations to the low threshold emergency department for the treatment of patient with COVID-19 and to minimize the risks both for patients and for healthcare professionals.
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