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Analysis of selected physiological parameters of athletes during exercise
Ambrožová, Monika ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
Regular sport activity is considered as neccessary part of our lifes. Sport is reccomended for preventing various diseases, enhancing immunity system or for controlling weight and for enhancing conditions. However, how severaly is sport activity benefit for human health and when it becomes harmful for it? This work deals with possible negative effects of strenous excercise on human organism. In our case it is ultra-maraton and mountbiking. In following parts of this work it is tried to explaine metabolic changes and influance of strenous excercise on immunological and biochemical parametres. The parameters immunoglobulin A, M, leukocytes, creatinine, sodium and potassium ions and enzymes such as lactatedehydrogenase, creatinekinase and alanineaminotransferase were studied. The values of these parameters were obtained from the blood samples taken before and after the race. A 23 samples from a 24-hour cycling race and 24 run-of-the-run race samples per 100 km were examined. A matlab tool was created for statistical analysis of data. A huge increase in the number of leukocytes was found in both types of races. In the MTB, it is an increase from 5.75 ± 1.29 x 109 / l to 11.80 ± 3.08 x 109 / l, in the race from 4.99 ± 1.84 x 109 / l to 13, 20 ± 5.36 x 109 / l. IgA did not significantly decrease, on the contrary slightly increased. IgM values have not changed significantly in runners. Cyclists experienced a statistically significant reduction in the original amount of 60.23 ± 6.54 mg / dl to 52.60 ± 10.43 mg / dl. There were statistically significant changes in CK and LDH levels in the race. From the original CK values of 4.25 ± 2.74 kat / l, the activity of the enzyme increased by 50.09 ± 60.08 kat / l due to the race. LDH is not significantly different in the cycling race as well as in the ALT enzyme. In this case, there was no statistically significant change to either type of race. Concentration of potassium and sodium ions decreased significantly. In potassium, its concentration dropped from 5.61 ± 0.59 mmol / l to 4.57 ± 0.39 mmol / l. Sodium ions dropped from 138.22 ± 1.17 mmol / l to 137.00 ± 1, 75 mmol / l.
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Biogenesis of plasma membrane Na+/H + antiporters of eukaryotic cells
Černá, Karolína ; Zimmermannová, Olga (advisor) ; Groušl, Tomáš (referee)
A secretory pathway is a process which serves for maturation of approximately one third of nascent polypeptides during proteosynthesis. Correct function of each membrane protein depends on their effective transport into its target membrane. An important group of proteins interacting with maturating proteins and ensuring their pass through the secretory pathway are cargo receptors. Cargo receptors help to insert nascent proteins into COPII vesicles via which they are exported from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus. Erv14 belongs to characterized cargo receptors in yeast. Based on similarity with this cargo receptor several homologous cargo receptors were also identified in higher eukaryotes, including human. Na+ /H+ antiporters are among membrane proteins passing the secretory pathway and requiring a cargo receptor for their biogenesis. The aim of this work is to summarize knowledge of the role of Erv14 cargo receptor and its human homologs CNIH1-4 in biogenesis of monovalent cation transporters, including Na+ /H+ antiporters. Key words: Na+ /H+ antiporters, Erv14, CNIH, cargo receptors, secretory pathway
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Analysis of selected physiological parameters of athletes during exercise
Ambrožová, Monika ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
Regular sport activity is considered as neccessary part of our lifes. Sport is reccomended for preventing various diseases, enhancing immunity system or for controlling weight and for enhancing conditions. However, how severaly is sport activity benefit for human health and when it becomes harmful for it? This work deals with possible negative effects of strenous excercise on human organism. In our case it is ultra-maraton and mountbiking. In following parts of this work it is tried to explaine metabolic changes and influance of strenous excercise on immunological and biochemical parametres. The parameters immunoglobulin A, M, leukocytes, creatinine, sodium and potassium ions and enzymes such as lactatedehydrogenase, creatinekinase and alanineaminotransferase were studied. The values of these parameters were obtained from the blood samples taken before and after the race. A 23 samples from a 24-hour cycling race and 24 run-of-the-run race samples per 100 km were examined. A matlab tool was created for statistical analysis of data. A huge increase in the number of leukocytes was found in both types of races. In the MTB, it is an increase from 5.75 ± 1.29 x 109 / l to 11.80 ± 3.08 x 109 / l, in the race from 4.99 ± 1.84 x 109 / l to 13, 20 ± 5.36 x 109 / l. IgA did not significantly decrease, on the contrary slightly increased. IgM values have not changed significantly in runners. Cyclists experienced a statistically significant reduction in the original amount of 60.23 ± 6.54 mg / dl to 52.60 ± 10.43 mg / dl. There were statistically significant changes in CK and LDH levels in the race. From the original CK values of 4.25 ± 2.74 kat / l, the activity of the enzyme increased by 50.09 ± 60.08 kat / l due to the race. LDH is not significantly different in the cycling race as well as in the ALT enzyme. In this case, there was no statistically significant change to either type of race. Concentration of potassium and sodium ions decreased significantly. In potassium, its concentration dropped from 5.61 ± 0.59 mmol / l to 4.57 ± 0.39 mmol / l. Sodium ions dropped from 138.22 ± 1.17 mmol / l to 137.00 ± 1, 75 mmol / l.
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