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Neuropsychological differential diagnosis of selected movement disorders
Tegelová, Vendula
Title: Neuropsychological Differential Diagnosis of selected Movement Disorders Author: Bc. et Bc. Vendula Tegelová Supervisor: Mgr. et Mgr. Tomáš Nikolai, Ph.D. Number of pages and characters: 106; 198 530 Number of appendices: 1 Number of references: 206 Abstract: The diploma thesis deals with the insight into the problems of the extrapyramidal system and its diseases and the key structures of the extrapyramidal system - basal ganglia. Furthermore, a basic description of Parkinson's disease (PN), progressive supranular palsy (PSP) and multisystem atrophy (MSA) with emphasis on the cognitive aspects of these diseases. Thesis also deals with neuropsychological examination in clinical practice, in more detail screening methods of cognitive functions, which are a necessary part of the diagnosis of cognitive deficits. We briefly describe selected screening methods, including the Mattis dementia scale (DRS2), which is used in the empirical part of the work. The theoretical part concludes with a brief search of studies that examine using DRS2, but also other screening methods, cognitive deficit and cognitive profile, especially in PN, PSP and MSA, but also in other neurodegenerative diseases. The empirical part of the work focuses on the analysis of DRS2 results in patients with PN, PSP and MSA, taking...
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Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Brain Gray and White Marker
Rulseh, Aaron Michael ; Vymazal, Josef (advisor) ; Hluštík, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Milan (referee)
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Brain Gray and White Ma er A In the present work we explore the gray and white ma er applicability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). To evaluate effect of ferritin-bound iron on gray ma er contrast in DTI, we created an in vitro model consisting of agarose gel phantoms doped with ferritin, and validated our results in vivo on healthy volunteer subjects - years of age in the basal ganglia. We further explored the application of DTI to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple system atrophy (MSA); neurodegenerative diseases with gray and white ma er pathophysiological components. In the ALS study, patients and age- and sex-matched controls were recruited, while the MSA study included probable MSA subjects ( MSA-P, MSA-C) and age- and sex-matched controls. We found that ferritin-bound iron may make a signi cant contribution to DTI scalars in gray ma er regions of the brain, mediated by eigenvalue repulsion. is has important implications for DTI studies targeting gray ma er regions, especially in adolescence and in diseases associated with altered brain-iron load. In ALS, we found altered diffusion in the corona radiata and callosal body, and changes in R in the caudate nucleus and frontal white ma er. In MSA, we observed widespread white ma er changes associated...
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Respiratory physiotherapy in neurology
Srp, Martin ; Jech, Robert (advisor) ; Baláž, Marek (referee) ; Konečný, Petr (referee)
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in a large proportion of neurological diseases. Respiratory physiotherapy serves as a non-pharmacological option for supporting airway hygiene. However, current awareness of respiratory physiotherapy in neurological patients is not satisfactory. The aim of this thesis is to verify the effectiveness of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) in three neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The results of this thesis show: 1) EMST led to a significant increase in expiratory muscle strength and voluntary peak cough flow in patients with MS. Therefore, we have shown that EMST is an effective method of respiratory physiotherapy in promoting airway hygiene in patients with MS. 2) We found in a demographic study that the PD healthcare model in Czechia is suboptimal. The utilization of a respiratory physiotherapy is low, and therefore its reorganization is needed. 3) We developed and patented a mobile application SpiroGym which provides visual feedback during training and sends the training results via a secure server directly to the therapist for telemedicine needs. In a pilot study, we verified its feasibility in patients with PD. The study results indicate that EMST coupled with the SpiroGym...
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Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Brain Gray and White Marker
Rulseh, Aaron Michael ; Vymazal, Josef (advisor) ; Hluštík, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Milan (referee)
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Brain Gray and White Ma er A In the present work we explore the gray and white ma er applicability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). To evaluate effect of ferritin-bound iron on gray ma er contrast in DTI, we created an in vitro model consisting of agarose gel phantoms doped with ferritin, and validated our results in vivo on healthy volunteer subjects - years of age in the basal ganglia. We further explored the application of DTI to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple system atrophy (MSA); neurodegenerative diseases with gray and white ma er pathophysiological components. In the ALS study, patients and age- and sex-matched controls were recruited, while the MSA study included probable MSA subjects ( MSA-P, MSA-C) and age- and sex-matched controls. We found that ferritin-bound iron may make a signi cant contribution to DTI scalars in gray ma er regions of the brain, mediated by eigenvalue repulsion. is has important implications for DTI studies targeting gray ma er regions, especially in adolescence and in diseases associated with altered brain-iron load. In ALS, we found altered diffusion in the corona radiata and callosal body, and changes in R in the caudate nucleus and frontal white ma er. In MSA, we observed widespread white ma er changes associated...
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