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Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
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Influence of compounds produced by cyanobacteria on coagulation of humic waters
Brabenec, Tomáš ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The diploma thesis investigates the coagulation of nature waters with humic substances and peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa during water treatment process with aluminum coagulants. It was confirmed that the efficiency of coagulation mechanism of humic substances and peptides/proteins strongly depends on the pH value, because pH value is limited factor of a charge properties of peptides/proteins, humic substances and hyrolysis products of coagulants. The optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances was 5- 6 and for cyanobacterial peptides/proteins 5-6.5. In both cases a charge neutralisation and an adsorption were dominant mechanism of coagulation. Optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances in the presence of cyanobacterial peptides/proteins was identical as well as optimal pH range of humic substances with absence of peptides/proteins (5-6) but the presence of peptides/proteins positively influenced particle coagulation of humic substances, because the optimal concentration of the coagulants decreased to more than half. An interaction between humic substances and peptides/proteins was demonstrated. A positive effect of coagulation was observed in the case of jar tests with absence of coagulants at a very low pH range (<4). Keywords Humic substances; AOM...
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Removal of microcystins during drinking water treatment
Vaněčková, Hana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Pumann, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to explore the coagulation phase in water treatment process from two perspectives, the removal of cyanotoxin microcystin and the responses of ecotoxicological indicator species Daphnia magna to different concentration of this toxin, contained in a sample of cyanobacterial water bloom, which was extracted from a dam and was dominated by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The sample was administered in three environmentally relevant concentrations to 6 clones of Daphnia magna, 3 of which had previous experience with M. aeruginosa. Coagulation process was performed under optimal conditions: pH = 6.36; KNK4,5 = 0.26 mmol.l-1 ; Fe = 0.162 mg.l-1 ; DOC = 2.83 mg.l-1 using 10 ml of 0.125M NaHCO3 in two litres of ultrapure water. Individual forms of microcystin were detected in this ratio: 31.6 % MC-LR, 53.6 % MC-RR and 14.8 % MC-YR. The study has shown that under these conditions coagulation does not remove microcystin, e.g. the efficiency of the process is zero. In ecotoxicological study, with growing concentration of cyanobacterial mixture the negative impact on Daphnia magna increased. We have found interclonal variability in responses of D. magna, however, the previous experience with M. aeruginosa had no effect. With growing concentration of cyanobacterial water...
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Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
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Oxidation of compounds produced by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and its impact on water treatment by coagulation
Štědrá, Karolína ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Kopecká, Ivana (referee)
Due to eutrophication of aquatic environment, massive growth of algae and cyanobacteria occurs and the seasonal algal bloom is formed. Drinking water treatment plants have to deal with the increased amount of cells as well as organic compounds produced by algae and cyanobacteria (so-called AOM). Moreover, the presence of AOM causes a reduction in the efficiency of coagulation, which is an essential process in drinking water treatment. To increase coagulation efficiency, supportive methods, such as ozone oxidation, are added usually prior to coagulation. While many studies focused on the ozonation of algal and cyanobacterial cells, little is known about the effect of ozonation on AOM. This diploma thesis focused on the evaluation of the effect of ozonation in combination with coagulation on the removal of cellular organic compounds (COM) produced by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The effect of ozonation before or after coagulation on COM removal was investigated. The degradation of microcystins, which are naturally contained in the COM sample, was also monitored. Various ozone doses (1 - 10 mg/L) were tested at three pH values - 5, 7 and 9. Two coagulants were utilized - aluminium sulphate and ferric sulphate. Ozonation removed COM negligibly. However, eliminated microcystins, the degradation...
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Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
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Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
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Influence of compounds produced by cyanobacteria on coagulation of humic waters
Brabenec, Tomáš ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The diploma thesis investigates the coagulation of nature waters with humic substances and peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa during water treatment process with aluminum coagulants. It was confirmed that the efficiency of coagulation mechanism of humic substances and peptides/proteins strongly depends on the pH value, because pH value is limited factor of a charge properties of peptides/proteins, humic substances and hyrolysis products of coagulants. The optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances was 5- 6 and for cyanobacterial peptides/proteins 5-6.5. In both cases a charge neutralisation and an adsorption were dominant mechanism of coagulation. Optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances in the presence of cyanobacterial peptides/proteins was identical as well as optimal pH range of humic substances with absence of peptides/proteins (5-6) but the presence of peptides/proteins positively influenced particle coagulation of humic substances, because the optimal concentration of the coagulants decreased to more than half. An interaction between humic substances and peptides/proteins was demonstrated. A positive effect of coagulation was observed in the case of jar tests with absence of coagulants at a very low pH range (<4). Keywords Humic substances; AOM...
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Removal of microcystins during drinking water treatment
Vaněčková, Hana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Pumann, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to explore the coagulation phase in water treatment process from two perspectives, the removal of cyanotoxin microcystin and the responses of ecotoxicological indicator species Daphnia magna to different concentration of this toxin, contained in a sample of cyanobacterial water bloom, which was extracted from a dam and was dominated by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The sample was administered in three environmentally relevant concentrations to 6 clones of Daphnia magna, 3 of which had previous experience with M. aeruginosa. Coagulation process was performed under optimal conditions: pH = 6.36; KNK4,5 = 0.26 mmol.l-1 ; Fe = 0.162 mg.l-1 ; DOC = 2.83 mg.l-1 using 10 ml of 0.125M NaHCO3 in two litres of ultrapure water. Individual forms of microcystin were detected in this ratio: 31.6 % MC-LR, 53.6 % MC-RR and 14.8 % MC-YR. The study has shown that under these conditions coagulation does not remove microcystin, e.g. the efficiency of the process is zero. In ecotoxicological study, with growing concentration of cyanobacterial mixture the negative impact on Daphnia magna increased. We have found interclonal variability in responses of D. magna, however, the previous experience with M. aeruginosa had no effect. With growing concentration of cyanobacterial water...
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ADSORPTION OF ALGAL ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCED BY MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON
Krsová, Magdalena ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of two types of granular activated carbon (GAC), Filtrasorb TL 830 and Picabiol 12x40, for the adsorption of cellular peptides with low molecular weight produced by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa that are hardly removable during the coagulation/flocculation processes. The effect of different carbon properties (surface charge, textural characteristics), peptide properties (molecular size, surface functionality and charge) and solution characteristics (ionic strength and pH value) on the peptide uptake was investigated using laboratory equilibrium and kinetic adsorption experiments. The results showed that adsorption of peptides was influenced by the charge conditions in adsorption system that depend on solution pH. The pH value influences surface charge and the point of zero charge (pHpzc) of GAC as well as dissociation and protonization of peptide functional groups. It was found that efficiency of the peptide adsorption increased with decreasing pH value for both GACs. Under these conditions adsorption was enhanced by attractive electrostatic interactions between GAC surface and peptide functional groups and was also positively influenced by the conformation changes in peptide structure. GAC Picabiol 12x40 showed the total highest...
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