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The Currents of History and Civilizations
Léwová, Dana ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Arnason, Johann Pall (referee)
This thesis outlines some basic approaches in the field of comparative civilizational analysis in the works of Jóhann P. Árnason and Jaroslav Krejčí in the confrontation with Jan Patočka's philosophy of history. Those theoretical bases are put into a wider historical context and historical relations in casuistic studies, narrowed to the civilizational area of the Middle East, especially Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine and also the Aegean-Greek area. This work emphasizes the inevitable interconnection of generally conceived civilizational analysis, or historical sociology, with specific historiography. Individual detaching of theoretical concepts is understood as a relic of blind reductionism and determinism which is strongly rejected by philosophy of history which tries to focus on the phenomenon of historicity instead of historical chronologies. Nevertheless, without the support of empirical reality even philosophy of history would become a mere philosophical rumination. The connected interdisciplinary approach is the only way how to figure out the historical / civilizational sense, "between the past and the future" and to create continual cultural memory from the awareness of relations to the relation of awareness.
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The Harp in the Old Testament and in the Culture of the Ancient Near East
Rais, Věra Zdislava ; Mikulicová, Mlada (advisor) ; Hřebík, Josef (referee)
The Harp in the Old Testament and in the Culture of the Ancient Near East. This work reviews the chordophones of the harp and lyre categories and their use in the whole Ancient Near East, including Egypt. The structure of each chapter reflects the undertaken methodology: Each chapter opens with a review of available primary and secondary sources; it is divided in separate sections with archaeological and literary material. The review is followed by discussion of the social, religious and symbolic role of a harp in the given culture. Egypt, as well as Israel/Palestine region, is covered each by its own chapter; Mesopotamia, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia are discussed together in single chapter. In Egypt, the harp play developed in immemorial tradition strongly anchored to the cult, as we can deduce from pictorial relics. Apart from the paintings depicting harp on religious occasions, it was portrayed (almost exclusively) during ceremonies of both intimate and public character. Other studied cultures offer much more wealth of information on their musical aspect. Mesopotamia developed musical notation, large number of sources give sound evidence for significant role of harp and lyre in the cult. Also in the region of today's Israel and Palestine, the chordophones became incorporated in local cult. The...
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