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Evaluation of Industrial Pollution of the Environment in the Moravian-Silesian Region Using Radioanalytical Methods
Brunčiaková, Miriama ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
Moravian-Silesian Region is a part of an area so called „small black triangle". It is an area of higher pollution caused by some kind of industrial zone. This region belongs to the most polluted atmosphere in the Czech Republic. The pollution is caused by various factors but the most negative one is metallurgic industry but also mine-mining, transport, and small local furnaces. To analyze pollution, the instrumental neutron activation analysis with analyzing of moss samples were used. The moss has rudimentary root system so it takes nutrients as well as heavy metals from the atmosphere. All irradiation has performed in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) at the reactor IBR-2M. Two kinds of irradiation have been performed as short-term irradiation as long-term irradiation. Short-term irradiation took about 3 mins and then short-lived isotopes were measured for about 15 mins. The long-lived isotopes were measured twice after about 4 days for 30 mins and after 23 days for 90 mins after 3 days of irradiation. For long term irradiation, the cadmium-screened irradiation channel was used. For analyzation and data processing the software Genie 2000 as well as software developed at FLNP JINR were used. In sum, 43 samples of the terrestrial mosses (Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi and Brachythecium rutabulum) were collected in autumn of 2015 in which the concentration of 38 elements were determined, including heavy metals. As a result, the factor analysis have been performed as well as maps analyzation.
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Elemental analysis of vehical glass using neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis
Kameník, Jan ; Fikrle, Marek ; Kučera, Jan
Glass microfragments provide valuable information about certain vehicle crimes. The methodology describes application of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) of elemental admixtures in vehicle glass fragments. XRF allows rapid and non-destructive test of the sample and helps in selection of protocols for detailed inspections by additional methods. NAA is time demanding, however, has potential to provide robust results for law enforcement agencies. Both methods are described together with protocols of analysis and their variants. The methodology includes results for 80+ vehicle glass samples.
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Role of activation analysis in the preparation of reference materials
Kučera, Jan
The fundamentals of neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) and practices of both methods are briefly review, together with enlightening their specific role in the preparation of reference materials. The importance of homogeneity testing for the certification and use of reference materials (RMs) using NAA is appraised. Examples of the use of NAA and PGAA for the certification of element contents in environmental, biological, and material science RMs produced by world-leading institutions, such as U.S. NIST, IRMM, IAEA and by national institutions, as well, at the Nuclear Physics Institute within last almost 30 years are presented.
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Provenancing of drugs based on their elemental composition determined by Neutron Activation Analysis - Feasibility Study
Kučera, Jan ; Kameník, Jan ; Sabol, J. ; Šesták, B. ; Kolář, P. ; Roman, M.
We analyzed five samples of heroine and five samples of cocaine seized in the Czech Repulic using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). In the heroine speciments, we determined 16 trace elements in at least one of the samples analyzed, in the cocaine speciment, 9 trace elements could be determined. We have found remarkable differences, up to several orders of magnitude, in contents of the elements Na, Cl, Zna and Br, especially in the heroine samples. The accuracy of INAA results was proved by simultaneous analysis of a certified reference material NIST SRM 1547 Peach Leaves. The results of trace element determination in heroine samples are compard with those published by autors from abroad. The results obtained show a high potential of INAA for the drug elemental characteriaztion aimed at determination of their provenance, procedures used for their manufacturing and purification and cutting for the end users. The results achieved also suggest that it is desirable to analyze more samples with the final aim of establishing a database of elemental composition of drugs seized in the Czech Republic, which could possibly be extended later, in cooperation with foreign drug abuse and police bodies, at the international level.
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Evaluation of Industrial Pollution of the Environment in the Moravian-Silesian Region Using Radioanalytical Methods
Brunčiaková, Miriama ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
Moravian-Silesian Region is a part of an area so called „small black triangle". It is an area of higher pollution caused by some kind of industrial zone. This region belongs to the most polluted atmosphere in the Czech Republic. The pollution is caused by various factors but the most negative one is metallurgic industry but also mine-mining, transport, and small local furnaces. To analyze pollution, the instrumental neutron activation analysis with analyzing of moss samples were used. The moss has rudimentary root system so it takes nutrients as well as heavy metals from the atmosphere. All irradiation has performed in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) at the reactor IBR-2M. Two kinds of irradiation have been performed as short-term irradiation as long-term irradiation. Short-term irradiation took about 3 mins and then short-lived isotopes were measured for about 15 mins. The long-lived isotopes were measured twice after about 4 days for 30 mins and after 23 days for 90 mins after 3 days of irradiation. For long term irradiation, the cadmium-screened irradiation channel was used. For analyzation and data processing the software Genie 2000 as well as software developed at FLNP JINR were used. In sum, 43 samples of the terrestrial mosses (Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi and Brachythecium rutabulum) were collected in autumn of 2015 in which the concentration of 38 elements were determined, including heavy metals. As a result, the factor analysis have been performed as well as maps analyzation.
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