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The phenomenon of Slow fashion in contemporary Czechia
Hoang, Thuy Duong ; Lánský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hyánková, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the phenomenon of slow fashion movement created as a reaction to the development of today's fashion industry. The first part explains the term fast fashion, its main features, business models that lead to its creation such as outsourcing and its social and environmental impacts. Moreover, it deals with the gradual infiltration of sustainability into the fashion industry and the subsequent emergence of slow fashion. Based on qualitative research in the form of semi- structured interviews, the practical part examines specific Czech slow fashion brands. The research primarily analyses the motivation of the founders behind building the selected brands, the approach of these companies to the production and distribution of their products and their overall attitude towards today's fashion. KEYWORDS fast fashion, slow fashion, sustainable fashion, textile industry, consumerism
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The so-called Magnitsky Laws from the Perspective of International Law
Tydlitát, Pavel ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
The so-called Magnitsky Laws from the Perspective of International Law Abstract This diploma thesis treats the phenomenon of so-called Magnitsky acts, a subtype of targeted international sanctions, from the point of view of international law. The text of the thesis is structured into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the origins of Magnitsky acts. Documented are the circumstances of the incarceration and death of Sergey Magnitsky. Described are the origins of the first Magnitsky Acts, i.e., the U.S. Magnitsky Act and Global Magnitsky Act, and the spreading of analogous norms around the world. The second chapter is a survey and legal comparison of selected legislation - in the United States, Canada, European Union, and Czech Republic. Based on the literature and the individual norms, the features common to all Magnitsky acts are determined. Subsequently, the acts are compared using five criteria. These are sanction aspects, as a definition of the prosecuted behavior; creation of the sanctions list, as an entitlement of the government agencies to create such lists; individual sanctions tools; appeals and remedies in the sanctions process, or removal from the sanction list; the overview of the sanctioned entities. The third chapter discusses the nature of the Magnitsky acts in the context of...
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Borders and their protection in the context of the International Human Rights Law and state sovereignty
Fárková, Iva ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Flídrová, Eliška (referee)
Borders and their protection in the context of the International Human Rights Law and state sovereignty Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the state borders, especially their determination and protection in connection with the state sovereignty and contrast with human rights. It tries to answer the question of where the sovereignty and human rights meet within the protection of state borders. State borders define the state territory which is one of the features of the state, as perceived by Public International Law. The most precise definition of the state territory is essential from the point of view of the state itself, as it thus has an idea of the scope of its competence. The state exercises its territorial authority over its territory, just as it exercises its power over the inhabitants of that territory. At the same time, the state is obliged to ensure security on its territory and its inhabitants, which is related to the protection of the state borders and the need for their control by the state. The determination of the state borders and therefore their control is clearly related to state sovereignty. However, excessive protection and control of the borders can easily be in conflict with human rights, in particular the freedom of movement and residence. Then it is important to think and...
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The withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of Europe and its impact on the protection of human rights in the country
Petrů, Simona ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
The withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of Europe and its impact on the protection of human rights in the country Key words: Council of Europe, Russia, Ukraine, aggression, human rights The thesis focuses on the current topic of the Russian Federation's withdrawal from the Council of Europe and analyses what impact this move may have in relation to the protection of human rights in the country. In the introduction, the author introduces two research questions with the intention of examining them from an international law perspective. In the first one, the author shows her intention to reflect on whether the Russian Federation's withdrawal was a consequence of long-term complicated relations between the country and the Council of Europe or whether it was a direct reaction to the invasion of Ukraine. The second research question is related to the impact of the country's withdrawal from the organization on human rights in the country, more specifically whether the organisation still had the possibility to have an impact on the human rights situation in the country given the Russian Federation's attack on Ukraine in February 2022. The author considers both questions to be important in view of assessing the expediency and impact of Russia's expulsion from the Council of Europe. The...
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States' Compliance with Human Rights Provisions and Recommendations Stemming from UN Human Rights Mechanisms
Nevřivý, Zdeněk ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
The master's thesis examines states' compliance with the UPR and UN treaty bodies by exploring pre-selected factors influencing states' compliance with human rights provisions and recommendations stemming from UN human rights mechanisms over ten years (2011-2021). The first two parts describe UN human rights mechanisms and include a literature review that provides an overview of sources focusing on the UN treaty body system and the UPR. Findings from the literature review are used to define the two opposing theories: rationalist theory and theory emphasizing states' administrative capacities and two complementing theories. Based on these theories, four hypotheses are formulated and operationalized to perform four case studies focused on the Netherlands, South Africa, Bahrain, and Honduras. Recommendations given to states are assessed from the perspective of human rights provision or recommendation per se by two sets of criteria for the UPR and UN treaty bodies. To indicate the level of compliance, assessments are assigned with five values. Afterward, findings are interpreted to answer the research question, verify, or refute hypotheses, and compare states' compliance with human rights provisions and recommendations stemming from UN human rights mechanisms.
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Selected aspects of the right to fair trial in civil proceedings
Král, Kristína ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Sedláček, Miroslav (referee)
1 Selected aspects of the right to fair trial in civil proceedings Abstract Rigorous thesis titled Selected aspects of the right to fair trial in civil proceedings focuses on introduction of the aspects of the right to fair trial on the constitutional level as well as specifically in the context of civil proceedings. The historical circumstances of the origins of the right to fair trial in the different jurisdictions and the establishment of the right to fair trial in the Czech legal system are explained. Definition of each aspect of the right to fair trial in legislation and case law is presented with a stress on the importance of each aspect for civil proceedings. Four aspects of the right to fair trial are given special attention. These are the independence and impartiality of the court and of the judge, the right to a legal judge, the equality of arms and the judicial economy. The current legal definition is introduced in relation to each selected aspect. Then, the factual fulfilment of the aspect is analysed and when relevant a consideration is given to possibilities of applicable remedies. In relation to the first two aspects (closely related to the judges) a special focus is aimed at the impacts of individual judges' behaviour on the public's view of the justice system. The fulfilment of the equality...
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Concepts of human dignity and their importance in social work
VOBOŘILOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis deals with the concepts of human dignity and its importance in social work. The goal is to describe the meaning of individual concepts for this profession. The thesis is solely theoretical. It is based on the concept of human dignity according to the German theologian Doris Nauer. She describes dignity within the framework of theological and secular concepts. The secular concept is based on dignity according to Cicero and Kant. Their work is followed by human rights, which are relevant for today's society. The theological concept, on the other hand, is based on Christianity and therefore has a religious basis. The first chapter is devoted to the concept of human dignity. The next two chapters describe the individual concepts. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on dignity in social work. The aim of the fifth chapter is to compare both two concepts. The last chapter explains the meaning of human dignity and its concepts for social work.
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Constitutional Rights: An Internal Critique
Abel, Martin ; Ondřejek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee) ; Káčer, Marek (referee) ; Kyritsis, Dimitrios (referee)
Constitutional Rights: An Internal Critique Martin Abel Abstract Proportionality test is a core instrument of human rights law. In one of its steps, governments must convince the courts that limiting the right pursued a legitimate aim. The right-holders, however, are saved the effort. Without obvious reasons why, the courts take legitimacy of individual action for granted. Due to this asymmetry, even malicious or hateful conduct enjoys at least prima facie protection, as long as it is subsumable under one of the listed rights. The thesis explains the proportionality test asymmetry by its relation to one particular conception of rights, called the I-conception. Under the I-conception, rights are abstract principles that ought to be realised to the highest degree. It is based on the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes or Immanuel Kant who insisted that all limits of natural rights must be the product of will. The thesis presents an alternative conception of rights, one that anchors rights in critical morality, making them subject to limits from natural law, too. It argues that such was the conception of rights among famous Christian-Aristotelian philosophers and that even John Locke properly understood is the heir of this tradition. The thesis sources heavily from the works of intellectual historians in order to show...
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