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Human impact on the holocene vegetation development in North Macedonia.
Koubský, Karel ; Abraham, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee)
This thesis aims to reconstruct the Holocene vegetation development in North Macedonia in relation to human activities; specifically, it focuses on the late Holocene period, when changes in land-use and settlement strategy were simultaneously taking place, which lead to an increased human pressure on the surrounding environment. To describe the vegetation development, a sedimentary profile from a small lake in the Pelister Mountains was chosen for analysis. A total of 25 samples were processed and analysed under a light microscope for the presence of pollen and non-pollen objects. Based on the results of pollen stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating, it was confirmed that the vegetation record covers the entire Holocene period. The early Holocene is characterized by a gradual increase in forest vegetation and a decrease in steppe vegetation. In the middle Holocene, secondary anthropogenic indicators show up in higher numbers. The late Holocene is already showing signs of continuous human presence. Compared to the lowlands, the mountain record shows a rather discontinuous presence of primary indicators, which nevertheless appear after the 5th millennium before present. High percentages of secondary indicators indicate continuous human influence in the mountains. Overall, it has been confirmed that...
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