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Current trends in radiotherapy of brain tumors
BĚHAN, Daniel
The bachelor thesis deals with modern radiotherapeutic treatment of brain tumors. The theoretical part is devoted to the classification of these types of tumors, the effects of radiation on the cell, the side effects of radiotherapy, fractionation schemes, treatment planning and the combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis was to compare the number of patients at three selected workplaces, namely gammaknife, tomotherapy and linear accelerator. Out of the total number of 3500 patients irradiated on gammaknife during the years 2019-2021, 3024 patients underwent treatment of primary and secondary tumors, the rest of the irradiated patients represent non-tumor irradiation of vascular, functional and ocular disorders, thus 14% of the total number of treated patients. The analysis of the collected data showed an increase in the number of treated patients in 2020. The cause of this could theoretically be installation of a new type of Gamma Knife Icon, which took place in November 2019. After calculating the correlation analysis, it was found that the numbers of patients do not correlate with the installation of a new device. Data obtained from patients irradiated on tomotherapy pointed to the fact that the tomotherapeutic device is used in the treatment of brain tumors only in a small percentage (4 % of treated patients) and it is used more for the treatment of other malignancies. The number of patients with brain cancer irradiated on a linear accelerator was about 7 % of all patients. The most common cause of brain lesions was distant metastases of non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, which is confirmed by information obtained from the literature, which states that lung cancer is the most common metastatic tumor to the brain. Glioblastoma multiforme was the most common group of primary tumors. The last goal for the elaboration of the bachelor's thesis was a more detailed description of the construction of the irradiation pavilion and the installation of the newly purchased and currently the most modern radiotherapy device CyberKnife at the ÚVN in Prague.
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