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Theory of Moral Sentiments and Adam Smith's Legacy in Contemporary Philosophy
BUKÁČKOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis deals with the theory of moral sentiments as put in Adam Smith's work. The thesis reflects the legacy of Adam Smith and enlightened sentimentalism as whole in field of contemporary philosophy and sociological science. Hence the thesis gives attention to misinterpretations of Smith's work, to his economical heritage with emphasis on Hayek's elaboration of the theory of spontaneous order (which has foundation in the notion of the "invisible hand") and also to his legacy in political philosophy. Here the thesis introduces particularly the debate on reflective autonomy, which is crucial for the lining of fundamental features of the disagreement between rationalistic and sentimentalistic account of the origin of morality, and tries to advocate the significance of sentimentalistic claims in todays society. The aim of this thesis is to convince the reader that the aspects of our mind, which the theory of moral sentiments and sentimentalism emphases and which are rather overlooked or devalued in todays world, are absolutely necessary in public debate.
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Is Hayek's Road to Serfdom inevitable?
Lukschová, Veronika ; Holman, Robert (advisor) ; Rotschedl, Jiří (referee)
This paper analyzes Hayek's central idea of the book The Road to Serfdom, which says that the implementation of socialist ideas in the economy leads to a totalitarian state. This trend is not inevitable, though it was often interpreted as follows. Therefore, the work examines the argument that Hayek did not take his journey into slavery into account the conservation of consumer sovereignty. It was also pointed out that in practice, for example, socialist Sweden did not rise to the totalitarian state. Hayek was also attacked, misinterpreted the concept of the journey into slavery by Hilaire Belloc. These arguments have been challenged. None of them did not pay enough to the central core of Hayek's argument in the causes and consequences, or the unintended consequences of central planning under socialism. Hayek's journey into slavery on the basis of the arguments surveyed is not inevitable.
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Theory of spontaneous order in social and natural sciences
Beník, Miroslav ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Vaverka, Tomáš (referee)
On the present, a theory of spontaneous order is organized set of knowledges applicable in biology, cognitive sciences, through sociology, psychology, jurisprudence to the economics. This interdisciplinary outstroke of the theory of spontaneous order deserve to investigate genesis of its fundamental thoughts and thesis. Purpose of the composition work is to clarify forming the theory of spontaneous order in social sciences and its reception in natural sciences, also a later mutual relationship between socioscientific and naturalistic processes of self-organization.
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Hayek vs. Keynes: Coauses and solutions of the Great Depression and the application of their methods to the current crisis
Nikodym, Tomáš ; Dočkal, Dalibor (advisor) ; Czesaný, Slavoj (referee)
The controversy about the effectiveness of government interventions in the economy exists perhaps from time immemorial. Especially at a time when the economy is in crisis, this topic is always more popular. Essay returns to the dispute of two economists, which related to state intervention and its impact on the economy and of course, causes and solutions of the Great Depression. The first privy to this controversy is a representative of the liberal economics Friedrich August von Hayek and the second competitor is John Maynard Keynes, a supporter of government interventionism. Both, of course, saw the causes of the crisis elsewhere and both had different solutions. The aim of this paper is to examine the real causes of depression and to compare them with theories of these two economists. The goal is also investigate proposed measures against depression, their analysis and selection of effective solution. Due to the popularity of both economists in these days, the paper applies ideas of liberals and Keynesians on the current economic crisis, and verifies the validity and effectiveness of their theories.
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