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Significance of neural antibodies in patients with drug refractory epilepsy
Mojžišová, Hana ; Marusič, Petr (advisor) ; Nytrová, Petra (referee) ; Štourač, Pavel (referee)
Significance of neural antibodies in patients with drug refractory epilepsy Abstract One possible etiology of epilepsy is autoimmune, which was included in the classification of epilepsies in its latest revision published in 2017 by the International League Against Epilepsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of neural autoantibodies in patients with epilepsy and to expand the diagnostic possibilities in the Czech Republic. Together with the Dutch authors, we described the prevalence of neural autoantibodies in Dutch and Czech patients with focal epilepsy of unknown etiology and proposed a scoring system to identify patients prioritized for testing for these antibodies. In a Czech cohort of patients, we assessed the presence of antibodies in serum and CSF of patients with drug refractory epilepsy. The results of both these studies showed a lower prevalence of neural autoantibodies than previously described in patients with epilepsy, due to a more rigorous methodology with verification of positive results by a second method. Since neural autoantibodies are primarily associated with autoimmune encephalitis, we also investigated this group, including an assessment of the presence of epileptic seizures in the clinical profile. Together with the Swedish authors, we investigated the proteomics...
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Cortical-subcortical interactions in EEG data of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Šíma, Jan ; Králík, Martin (referee) ; Lamoš, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the elaboration of a literature search on epilepsy and electroencephalography signals with a focus on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and the analysis of cortico-subcortical relationships. The theoretical part describes the chapters of epilepsy, electroencephalography, the possibility of pre-processing EEG data and analytical methods, which describe the cortico-subcortical interactions. The practical part contains pre-processing of EEG data, analysis of methods used, data analysis, results, discussion, and conclusion. The data analysis itself is performed by the Phase-amplitude coupling method. The discussion discusses the results, limitations, and other possible connections. The conclusion summarizes the whole bachelor thesis.
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Implementation of new method to machine learning model for epileptogenic zone localization in pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients
Pivnička, Martin ; Mívalt, Filip (referee) ; Filipenská, Marina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis describes the issue of the epileptogenic tissue localization considering pacients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The first half of the theoretical part discusses the matter of epilepsy and its treatment. It describes the principle of electroencephalographic measurement and its contribution to epileptology as well as multiple foci localization approaches. The second theoretical part shows machine learning basics and its use for epilepsy treatment. The practical part starts with the description of steps needed to create the gamma method. It continues with the statistical analysis of the method. This analysis contains both gamma method alone and as a part of existing machine learning algorithm. It has been shown that the gamma method is a valuable specific parameter for localizing epileptic foci. Its addition to the machine learning model did not lead to a significant improvement in the performance of the model.
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Optimizing of epilepsy surgery in paediatric patients
Bělohlávková, Anežka ; Kršek, Pavel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Irena (referee) ; Vojtěch, Zdeněk (referee)
Optimizing of Epilepsy Surgery in Paediatric Patients Abstract Epilepsy surgery represents an effective treatment of intractable focal epilepsy. The presented work aims to describe the state of the art and enhance diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm in paediatric patients. The ultimate goal is to improve the outcome of surgeries. The work depicts the evolution of the paediatric epilepsy surgery program in Motol Epilepsy Center over the course of years 2000-2017. Complexity of patients (younger age, epileptogenic zone in proximity of eloquent cortex, multifocal MRI findings) and surgeries (hemispherotomy) alike increased over time. However, the outcomes in terms of postoperative seizure-freedom and complications remained stable. Cognitive abilities of patients improved by 9.1 IQ/DQ points one year after surgery. Patients with preexisting intellectual deficit reached the most significant increase. We developed a novel paradigm of intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation mapping. Furthermore, we introduced a technique employing visual detection of SEEG electrodes during the surgery. These procedures aim to achieve a complete resection while avoiding complications. We developed and standardized Czech versions of questionnaires IPES a QOLIE-AD-48 assessing quality of life in children with epilepsy. We...
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Cortical-subcortical interactions in EEG data of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Šíma, Jan ; Králík, Martin (referee) ; Lamoš, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the elaboration of a literature search on epilepsy and electroencephalography signals with a focus on patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and the analysis of cortico-subcortical relationships. The theoretical part describes the chapters of epilepsy, electroencephalography, the possibility of pre-processing EEG data and analytical methods, which describe the cortico-subcortical interactions. The practical part contains pre-processing of EEG data, analysis of methods used, data analysis, results, discussion, and conclusion. The data analysis itself is performed by the Phase-amplitude coupling method. The discussion discusses the results, limitations, and other possible connections. The conclusion summarizes the whole bachelor thesis.
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Comparison of diagnostic yield of different MRI protocols and PET in relation to time an finance demands in patients with temporal epilepsy
FILÍPKOVÁ, Brigita
This Thesis called Comparison of diagnostic yield of different MRI protocols and PET in relation to time and finance demands in patients with temporal epilepsy deals with time and economic aspects of diagnostics of pharmacoresistant temporal epilepsies. Temporal epilepsies are the most frequent focal epilepsies (up to 85 %) and pharmacologic control is only successful in about 25 % cases. On the other hand it is the best type of epilepsy to be solved surgically. Timely and precise diagnostics enables a timely surgical intervention. The time and economic demands increase the same way as the demands for technical staff. The Thesis was aimed at finding a protocol advantageous in terms of both, time and cost saving, maintaining the diagnostic yield in comparison of two neuroimaging methods - functional (PET) and morphological (MR), where we also compared two protocols for brain examination - a standard one and a special epileptological one. Methodology: A retrospective study of 44 patients with clinically confirmed focal epilepsy examined by MR and PET, who underwent a microsurgical intervention and have been without fits since then. We compared the individual protocols on MR - standard (sequence T2/PD tse tra, FLAIR tra, T2* tra and T1 se sag) and epileptological (extended by 3DT1 ge, T2 tse fs cor and FLAIR cor) in terms of possible diagnostics (examination read by an experienced radiologist) and evaluated their time and cost demands. We also evaluated a PET examination, which is performed by one protocol, the same way. The results demonstrate the difference in examination time and costs between the standard and the epileptological protocols on MR and between the MR and PET methods. There are also results of reading MR and PET images and their correlates presented there. We may conclude that the epileptological protocol on MR cannot be substituted by a standard protocol. Time may be saved by better organization of work or by suitable adjustment of parameters of the individual sequences maintaining sufficient MR image quality. We are also convinced that both the methods, MR and PET are important for safe diagnosis. Cost saving is impossible in pre-operation diagnostics.
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Effects of surgery treatment of epilepsy on psychosocial condition of the patients.
ŠIŠKOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis "Effects of surgery treatment of epilepsy on psychosocial condition of the patients" deals with the disease which causes many social effects on the patients. The most frequent ones are limitations in the working life and mental problems. I am interested in the epilepsy issue and therefore I have selected this topic which continues the bachelor thesis written in 2008. The objective of my work was to determine effects of epileptosurgery on the work life and on the mental area. Two hypotheses were established which assumed that the surgical treatment improved the patient´s life both in the working and in the mental spheres. The hypotheses were tested by means of quantitative research; questionnaires were used for the collection of data and the respondents were adult patients, who underwent surgical treatment of epilepsy and have been in the care of the Center of Epilepsy Na Homolce in Prague, and patients in the care of neurology departments in České Budějovice and in Strakonice. The results have shown that the epileptosurgery failed to improve the lives of the patients in the working sphere and thus the first hypothesis was not confirmed. Many of the patients are still unemployed and they still find it difficult to find jobs. The offer of vacancies has not increased much after the surgery. Those who work often feel stress and anxiety as a result. Some patients even lost jobs after the surgery or their working positions do not correspond to the achieved qualification level, experience and potential. The improvement in the mental area has been confirmed and many of the patients no more suffer from mental problems they had before the surgery. In some of the respondents mental disorders diminished or disappeared entirely. They are more self-confident, more even-tempered and they need less professional help. In this area I see the effects of surgical treatment as very beneficial. The results of my thesis might be used in publications for the general public, as well as for professionals specializing in the field.
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