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Infekční a neinfekční příčiny průjmů telat v období mléčné výživy
MAŇÁKOVÁ, Lucie
Diarrheal diseases are one of the most common diseases of calves. The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate the incidence and causes of (infectious and non-infectious) diarrheal diseases in calves during the dairy feeding period in selected breeding of dairy cattle. From January to December 2022, a total of 276 cases of di-arrhea were evaluated, of which 38% were infectious. Cryptosporidium parvum was determined to be the most common cause of infectious diarrhea using a rapid stable test. Bacterial causes of diarrhea were not diagnosed. The cause of non-infectious diarrheal diseases was deficiencies in colostral nutrition of calves, e.g., late feeding of calves after birth. Management of colostral nutrition in the farm will require cor-rective measures.
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Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp.
Adamcová, Anežka ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Anežka Adamcová Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Laboratory technician This bachelor thesis deals with diarrheal disease caused by Campylobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. The thesis is divided to four sections. The first section is about diarrhoea and its characteristics and causes. In the second section the characteristics of Campylobacter sp. is described and the major part of this section describes campylobacter enteritis or campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni is the most common agent. The third section deals with Salmonella sp. It again describes characteristics of this genus and focuses on salmonellosis enteritis or salmonellosis. Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common agent. Both genera are gram-negative bacteria and they affect intestinal tract. They cause bacterial enteritis, which is often connected with diarrhoea. Incidence of campylobacteriosis exceeded the incidence of salmonellosis for the first time in 2007. Infections have similar course. Besides diarrhoea, fever and stomach ache can also occur. Pain is similar as in case of appendicitis. Laboratory test is needed to differentiate between the two. In the last section I analyzed data obtained from the Centre for...
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The Problems of cultivated examination of stool - bacteriology
KAVALEC, Lukáš
Diarrheal diseases are a global problem. In developing countries, where there is a low hygienic standard and limited availability of medical care, a large proportion of mortality is caused by diarrhea, in developed countries deaths are less frequent. In our conditions the most common infections are salmonellosis caused by the bacteria of genus Salmonella, campylobacteriosis caused by Campylobacter bacteria, and Enterotoxicoses, which are food poisonings. Gastroenteritis can also be caused by viruses such as moderate adenoviruses, kaliciviruses and astroviruses. Parasitic gastroenteritis is a problem solely for developing countries in tropical areas. In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis I elaborate the general characteristics of diarrhea and the description and possibilities of diagnostics of the most frequent agents of bacterial gastroenteritis. The practical part was processed in the laboratory of the microbiology Synlab in České Budějovice, where I carried out an identification of bacterial agents of infectious diarrhea from rectal swabs by cultivation on suitable media, accurate determination was performed by biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF and agglutination tests for accurate serotyping of strains. From the obtained data and data from the laboratory I elaborated a statistic comparing the laboratory results with the results in the whole Czech Republic. The aim of my thesis was to acquaint myself with the problematics of infectious gastroenteritis, to elaborate a specialized research on the topic, to describe and acquire methods of direct detection of bacteria routinely used in microbiological diagnosis of diarrhea - especially cultivation and statistically compare laboratory results with the whole Czech Republic.
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Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp.
Adamcová, Anežka ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Voxová, Barbora (referee)
Anežka Adamcová Diarrheal diseases caused by Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter sp. Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Laboratory technician This bachelor thesis deals with diarrheal disease caused by Campylobacter sp. and Salmonella sp. The thesis is divided to four sections. The first section is about diarrhoea and its characteristics and causes. In the second section the characteristics of Campylobacter sp. is described and the major part of this section describes campylobacter enteritis or campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni is the most common agent. The third section deals with Salmonella sp. It again describes characteristics of this genus and focuses on salmonellosis enteritis or salmonellosis. Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common agent. Both genera are gram-negative bacteria and they affect intestinal tract. They cause bacterial enteritis, which is often connected with diarrhoea. Incidence of campylobacteriosis exceeded the incidence of salmonellosis for the first time in 2007. Infections have similar course. Besides diarrhoea, fever and stomach ache can also occur. Pain is similar as in case of appendicitis. Laboratory test is needed to differentiate between the two. In the last section I analyzed data obtained from the Centre for...
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Základní aspekty výživy a zdraví telat
MOTEJLEK, Miroslav
The diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of calves, especially about the importance of the colostrum period, which is important for the development of their immunity and then dairy period until weaning. Furthermore, the thesis deals with diarrheal diseases of calves. Calves were divided into three groups: one control group and two experimental groups. Experimental groups received dietary supplements. The first group received Lactovita and the second group of Homeopathic. The supplements were administered once a day for a second feeding for 28 days. Calves were weighed within two hours of birth and 60 days of weaning. Diarrhea has been reported in calves. The data was recorded in the table and then statistically evaluated. The data showed a moderate improvement in mean weight gain over 60 days for the Lactovita group compared to the control group by 0.24 kg and a decrease in the increase in the Homeopathic Test Group versus the control group by 1.69 kg. Furthermore, the results showed a slight improvement in the incidence of diarrhea in the Lactovita group compared to the control group by 7.68%. However, the results of the observations were not statistically proven. Thus, there is a lack of efficacy of feed additives administered or a low number of experimental animals on the incidence of diarrheal diseases and the weight gains in calves from the colostrum to weaning.
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