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The impact of urban sprawl on the environment.
Havel, Petr ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The suburbanization process - a shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe - is not only a socioeconomical phenomenon; city spatial expansion is a serious concern for an environment as well. The volume of suburban and sprawling areas is constantly increasing, moreover the character of this development is inefficient both spatially and energetically. A crucial changes take place in a landscape, which is being fragmented and homogenized. Those changes affect organisms, which live in the landscape; their natural environment is intensively modified and not all of them are able to get used to a newly created conditions and resist to a pressure of invasive species. A lot of compacted and impervious surfaces negatively influence not only the biota, but also a water quality, infiltration and water regime. Last but not least, new development seals a lot of quality agricultural land. Sealed soils are irreversibly deteriorated and become useless for further agricultural use. Despite the fact, that legislative in the Czech Republic should protect the high-quality agricultural soils, the study, made in the surroundings of D1 highway shows that's not the case. Two thirds of the commercial suburban development take place on the most productive and valuable soils. This number suggests poor...
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The employment of cone penetrometer to detect soil compaction in a model area
Plasová, Marie ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
There are some authors who claim that the soil is one of the nonrenewable resources, because pedogenesis is thousand-years-long process. Unfortunately, natural features of soil are often degraded - the mechanism of this is describe below in this work. The thesis focuses on one of the soil degradation processes - pedocompaction in context of intensive agriculture. It is much better to prevent the soil compaction then to try to fix it afterwards; the price is high and the soil after land development is still not as good as it originally was. In this work we used a model area in Kleneč in an attempt to examine the relationship between a colored mosaic seen on the ortophoto with data on profile depth gained from terrain measuring using cone penetrometer. The results were analyzed statistically using Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Their results are somewhat contradictious: the correlation is 37, 6 % with p-value 0,44 and the regression is 6,55 % with p-value 0,18. The reason could be that the relationship between the phenomena is non-linear. For clearer conclusion, it would be better to do more analysis on the field and in the laboratory as well. Key words: soil degradation, soil compaction, pedocompaction, penetrometer
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Impact of commercial urban sprawl on soil cover on the outskirts of Prague and its future predictions
Havel, Petr ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The urban sprawl cannot be any longer perceived as a solely esthetic and socioeconomic problem. The process of shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe has significant environmental impacts as well. Typicaly, suburban areas are spatially and therefore energetically demanding, the landscape is being fragmented by their presence and the natural environment of organisms is severely modified or destroyed. Soil sealing and impervious surfaces lead to altered heat and moist regimes, infiltration rate and runoff. Soils at city fringe - usually very productive and valuable - are endangered by total loss of all of their functions, both environmental and agricultural. That is also the case of Prague surroundings, where high quality soils, which are supposed to be protected by the law, are irreversibly degraded by urban sprawl. Logistic regression model in this work has proved that commercial urban sprawl tends to occur in areas with a good logistic position and a level terrain. The awareness of factors, which are favorable for urban sprawl, can be utilized in future to make local planning more effective and prevent sealing of high-quality agricultural soils, which are currently built on. By sprawling on an agricultural land, Czech Republic loses its natural wealth and valuable...
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The impact of urban sprawl on the environment.
Havel, Petr ; Romportl, Dušan (referee) ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor)
The suburbanization process - a shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe - is not only a socioeconomical phenomenon; city spatial expansion is a serious concern for an environment as well. The volume of suburban and sprawling areas is constantly increasing, moreover the character of this development is inefficient both spatially and energetically. A crucial changes take place in a landscape, which is being fragmented and homogenized. Those changes affect organisms, which live in the landscape; their natural environment is intensively modified and not all of them are able to get used to a newly created conditions and resist to a pressure of invasive species. A lot of compacted and impervious surfaces negatively influence not only the biota, but also a water quality, infiltration and water regime. Last but not least, new development seals a lot of quality agricultural land. Sealed soils are irreversibly deteriorated and become useless for further agricultural use. Despite the fact, that legislative in the Czech Republic should protect the high-quality agricultural soils, the study, made in the surroundings of D1 highway shows that's not the case. Two thirds of the commercial suburban development take place on the most productive and valuable soils. This number suggests poor...
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