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The influence of conditioning on the mechanical properties of polymers produced by injection molding technology
Neužil, Tomáš ; Řehořek, Lukáš (referee) ; Válka, Libor (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to determine change of mechanical properties of three types of damp polymeric materials (polyamides) depending on the water content inside material. Before testing, specimens of all three types of materials were placed inside the air conditioning chambers until equilibrium (conditioned) state was reached when the specimens received the maximum possible amount of water from the environment. A total of three conditioning levels were set, representing besides the standard level of conditioning both extreme states like state when the material was fully dried and the state where the material content the largest possible amount of water. With the increasing content of water bound in material, there is a characteristic change in the mechanical properties of the material, such as a decrease in strength and modulus of elasticity and an increase in toughness and ductility. To examine material properties change, tensile and Charpy impact tests were performed, Charpy impact tests were performed for both specimens with and without a notch. Besides changes in mechanical properties, the rate of water absorption was also observed depending on the materials and its filling.
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Moulds and residential buildings
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis is aimed at moulds and residential buildings. At moulds occurrence and at conditions for their growth and reproduction. Thesis defined their distribution, morphology, metabolism and type of reproduction. Describe most important genera of moulds, their identification and procedure during their elimination. Practical part is aimed at two methods of determination in two different types of residential building, in prefab house and in single family house. The object of practical part was to determinate the genus of occurring moulds
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Immunogenic cell death in tumor specimens in the clinics
Fejfarová, Adéla ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Büchler, Tomáš (referee)
Tumor development and growth are under the control of the immune system in the human body. Danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules trigger the anti-tumor response by binding to pattern recognition receptor (PRR) on myeloid cells which in turn activate an adaptive immune system. DAMP molecules are released from cancer cells during a process of immunogenic cell death (ICD) which is a form of regulated cell death (RCD). ICD is induced by a variety of treatments in experimental settings as well as by therapeutic modalities commonly used in medicine. A typical DAMP marker of ICD is calreticulin which is translocated from the endoplasmatic reticulum to the plasma membrane attached to the CD91 receptor. Another marker is the nuclear protein HMGB1 which is released into the tumor environment at the later stage of ICD. This bachelor thesis describes a variety of detection methods and the results of DAMP externalization after ICD induction in vitro in cancer cell lines and in tumor specimens from cancer patiens. Moreover, the link between DAMP molecules and cancer patient survival is discussed. Last, it also summarizes the current status of clinical trials concerning ICD. Keywords tumor, antitumor immunity, cell death, adjuvans, DAMP, chemotherapeutics, immunogenic cell death, clinical trials
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Immunogenic cell death
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
According to the danger model, the immune system is activated by endogenous molecules known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that are externalized from the interior of a dying cell to the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. Due to the loss of plasma membrane integrity a necrotic cell death as well as several types of proinflammatory programmed cell death are considered to be immunogenic, whereas apoptosis, on contrary, has been initially defined as a tolerogenic type of cell death. However, under certain circumstances, the immune response can be initiated by an apoptotic cell after exnternalization of DAMP molecules by newly described secretory pathways. This phenomenon was observed on tumor cells as a result of some widely used therapeutic modalities and is known as immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nomenclature of selected types of cell death is part of this thesis. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide an evidence of the experimental support for ICD theory during in vivo initiation of the immune response. I will evaluate the correlation between ICD and the induced exposure of DAMP molecules on the surface of tumor cells or their secretion to the extracellular space.
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Immunogenic cell death
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
According to the danger model, the immune system is activated by endogenous molecules known as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that are externalized from the interior of a dying cell to the cell surface or released into the extracellular space. Due to the loss of plasma membrane integrity a necrotic cell death as well as several types of proinflammatory programmed cell death are considered to be immunogenic, whereas apoptosis, on contrary, has been initially defined as a tolerogenic type of cell death. However, under certain circumstances, the immune response can be initiated by an apoptotic cell after exnternalization of DAMP molecules by newly described secretory pathways. This phenomenon was observed on tumor cells as a result of some widely used therapeutic modalities and is known as immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nomenclature of selected types of cell death is part of this thesis. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide an evidence of the experimental support for ICD theory during in vivo initiation of the immune response. I will evaluate the correlation between ICD and the induced exposure of DAMP molecules on the surface of tumor cells or their secretion to the extracellular space.
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The influence of conditioning on the mechanical properties of polymers produced by injection molding technology
Neužil, Tomáš ; Řehořek, Lukáš (referee) ; Válka, Libor (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to determine change of mechanical properties of three types of damp polymeric materials (polyamides) depending on the water content inside material. Before testing, specimens of all three types of materials were placed inside the air conditioning chambers until equilibrium (conditioned) state was reached when the specimens received the maximum possible amount of water from the environment. A total of three conditioning levels were set, representing besides the standard level of conditioning both extreme states like state when the material was fully dried and the state where the material content the largest possible amount of water. With the increasing content of water bound in material, there is a characteristic change in the mechanical properties of the material, such as a decrease in strength and modulus of elasticity and an increase in toughness and ductility. To examine material properties change, tensile and Charpy impact tests were performed, Charpy impact tests were performed for both specimens with and without a notch. Besides changes in mechanical properties, the rate of water absorption was also observed depending on the materials and its filling.
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Moulds and residential buildings
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis is aimed at moulds and residential buildings. At moulds occurrence and at conditions for their growth and reproduction. Thesis defined their distribution, morphology, metabolism and type of reproduction. Describe most important genera of moulds, their identification and procedure during their elimination. Practical part is aimed at two methods of determination in two different types of residential building, in prefab house and in single family house. The object of practical part was to determinate the genus of occurring moulds
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