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Porovnání obtížnosti porodů u různých plemen skotu ve vybraném chovu
Kozlová, Eliška
This bachelor thesis examines the issue of difficult calving depending on breed affiliation and utility type. This work summarizes three basic breeds of different utility types that are bred in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the work deals with the description of estrous cycle, methods of insemination, the period of gestation and the subsequent parturition. During parturition, emphasis is mainly placed on its progress. Therefore, the work also deals with internal and external factors. These factors aren’t always controllable, but some of them can be influenced by keeper or directly by breeding. Early detection of dead fetus is also important for calving. Whether the calving is assisted and whether any assistance is performed in an appropriate way has a relatively large influence on the course of calving itself. Depending on the extend to which assistance was required, the overall course of the birth is also evaluated. In this work was evaluated the calving process in Czech Fleckvieh and Charolais breeding. Both breeds were kept in the company ZEAS Lysice a.s., which is located in the South Moravian region. The results of the calving process were compared according to breed, year of calving and whether they were first-calf or older cows. The analysis of the data showed a significantly high incidence of the desired calving process in the Charolais breed, up to 99,28 %. Czech Fleckvieh showed a higher incidence of unwanted calving, which was 1,72 %. It also has been proven that older cows calving process was better than heifers. In the analysis of the year of calving, its influence on the course of calving wasn’t proven.
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Vztah bezrohosti k mléčné užitkovosti u plemene český strakatý skot
Buřvalová, Michaela
This thesis studies the influence of polledness on parameters of milk production of Czech Fleckvieh cattle population. In theoretical section it gives an overview of current findings in the areas of anatomy, ontogenesis and genetics of polled and hor-ned phenotype, milk production and Czech fleckvieh breed. Then in practical section of this thesis, an evaluation of the phenotype (horned/polled and phenotypic deviations associated with polledness). Furthermore, the methodology of laboratory detection of mutations causing hornlessness (PCR + ELFO and Sanger sequencing) was optimized and carried out. This combination of polledness testing methods has proven to be effective so a relatively simple and cheap test to detect polledness in the Fleckvieh breed was designed. This test is suitable for further testing on a larger group of anima-ls. Second part of the practical section is devoted to statistical analysis (one-factor ANOVA and GLM) of dependency of milk production parameters (milk yield [kg of milk] fat content [%], protein content [%]) on polled genotype. Results of these analy-ses show, that polledness probably does not have a direct negative effect on milk yield and fat content in milk. However, the negative influence of polledness could not be refuted for the protein content parameter.
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Reprodukční analýza plemenic skotu ve stádě s tržní produkcí mléka
Vlčková, Hana
The data for this thesis was collected in ZD Nížkov. In between the years of 2019-2021, monitoring was conducted on an average of 368 dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle and Holstein and brown swiss cattle crossbreeds. Selected reproduction indexes were evaluated – calving-to-first-service interval, calving-to-conception interval, calving-to-calving interval and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy. The measured indicators were analyzed for individual years, within the seasons, according to the order of lactation and breeding affiliation of individuals. The obtained values were evaluated in Microsoft Excel and Statistica12. Basic statistical constants were calculated - arithmetic mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. In the Statistica12 program, selected factors were processed by ANOVA and subsequently evaluated by post hoc analysis using Tukey's test. In 2019, the length of the calving-to-first-service interval was 62,52 days, the calving-to-conception interval was 117,17 days, the calving-to-calving interval was 397,17 days and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy were 2,31. In 2020, the length of the calving-to-first-service interval was 55,19 days, the calving-to-conception interval was 118,17 days, the calving-to-calving interval was 398,17 days and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy were 2,61. In 2021, the length of the calving-to-first-service interval was 58,83 days, the calving-to-conception interval was 113,25 days, the calving-to-calving interval was 393,25 days and the number of insemination needed for pregnancy were 2,59. A great value of the breed group influence, as well as a high value of lactation period, was proven in the case of calving-to-first-service interval. For the length of the calving-to-conception interval, the breed group influence has also shown a great statistical significance.
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Vybrané vlivy na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic u českého strakatého skotu
POKORNÁ, Lucie
The diploma thesis "Selected factors on milk utility of Czech Fleckvieh dairy cows" deals with certains effects on selected cattle herd, which are detected from milk utility control. The author compares dairy cows within first and third lactations in all cases. Overview of used literature is selected into specific chapters, in first part the Czech Fleckvieh is defined with its history, characteristics, related breeds and breed utility. Another comprehensive chapter is devoted to milk utility, lactation and selected factors on animal utility. Last part of literature overview is devoted to reproduction and reproductive indicators. Second main part, which is called material and methodology, author deals with cattle herd in Jasanka s.r.o. company, judging and assessing selected factors with help of milk utility control results. Collective results are assessed through statistics.
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Vliv genotypů pro gen leptin na vybrané kvalitní ukazatele hovězího masa
BENEŠ, Karel
The dissertation "The Influence of Genotype of Leptin Gene on Qualitative Characteristics of Beef" describes the effect of polymorphisms of gene of leptin on selected qualitative, morphometric and weight indicators of beef and carcass. The analysis was carried out on 333 bulls of Czech Fleckvieh, which were genotyped (by PCR/RFLP method) of chosen locus. This locus is associated with qualitative changes in beef according to previous foreign studies. The weight of carcass, fore and hind quarter of the right half of the carcass, the weight of the individual tissues (meat, bone, and fat) and the weight of main meaty parts from the right half of carcass were measured. Before the dissection chosen morphometric indicators were measured. After the dissection, a sample of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis was taken and then analysed in the laboratory. Basic chemical composition (dry matter, fat content, protein, and ash), muscle fibers diameter and fatty acid profile was determined. In addition, pH, added water holding capacity, colour (CIE Lab colour coordinates) were analysed both for one-day post-mortem and after 14 days of ageing. The shear force (using the Warner-Bratzler probe) was evaluated at the same time intervals as for both raw and heat-treated samples by grilling. The studied LEP polymorphism had a statistically significant effect on the weight of the hot carcass, the weight of right half of carcass and fore and hind quarter. LEP polymorphism significantly affected the proportion of meat on the right half of carcass, the weight of the bones and total weight of the I. class meat, and the weight of the I. class meat in the fore quarter. Further, the effect of LEP polymorphism on the weight of boneless round, boneless chuck, plate, flank, rib, hind shank, and meat trimmings of fore quarter was found. In a group of morphometric indicators, the effect was significant on lengths of round, fullness of round and round circumference. In the case of chemical composition, the effect of LEP polymorphism on the intramuscular fat content was significant. From the qualitative indicators, the effect was significant on the pH value and added water holding capacity, both one-day post-mortem and after 14 days of ageing. In the case of tenderness, the effect on shear force of heat treated, non-aged meat was significant. From the indicators describing colour, a statistically significant effect on the indicator of lightness was found in the case of unconditioned meat and after 14 days of ageing the effect was significant on the indicator characterising yellow colour and the colour saturation. Determination of fatty acid profile was carried out by gas chromatography. The effects of studied polymorphism and differences between LEP genotypes were found in myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, -linolenic, -linolenic, conjugated linoleic, eisocapentaenoic, docosatetraenoic, docosapentaenoic both n-6 and n-3 and docosahexaenoic acids. From aggregated indicators, the statistical significant effect of LEP polymorphims on PUFA content, omega-3 fatty acids content, and omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio was found. In connection with other candidate gene loci influencing the quality of beef, the results of dissertation can be used in the preparation of breeding schemes aimed at the production of quality breeding animals, highlighting the higher quality standards of the produced meat.
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Vyhodnocení reprodukčních ukazatelů ve vybraném chovu dojnic v ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník
NEZBEDOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate chosen influences on the extent of reproduction of randomly chosen milk cows that are bred in the same conditions. The chosen influences such as breed, age of the first calving, time of year of calving and level of yield were observed within breeds of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cattle. Evaluation was carried out in ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník company, specifically in Budislav farm. 191 cows were chosen for the basic sample. 95 of them were Holstein cattle and 96 were Czech mottled cattle. Chosen influences were evaluated according to data gained from the set of milk yield inspections. A statistically significant difference was observed between Czech ticks and Holstein cows in the length of service period per second and first lactation where Holstein cows have a second lactation period longer than 44 days (P <0.001). Evaluation of first calving age did not show any influence on the level of reproduction neither within Czech Fleckvieh nor within Holstein cattle. During the annual evaluation, it emerged that Holstein cows calved in spring and winter have significantly bigger insemination interval compared to cows that were calved during summer or autumn. This fact was also proven by correlation analysis. This analysis also confirmed the relation between annual period and insemination interval Rxy=0,21(P<0,05). The correlation analysis also proved the relation between annual period and service period as well as interim of Czech Fleckvieh cattle Rxy= 0,327 (P<0,01). Statistically significant influence was not proven within Holstein cattle. Correlation analysis only pointed out the relation between yield and service period Rxy=0,213 (P<0,05). Unlike Holstein cattle, gradual increase of service period figures and interim depending on yield was noticed. Breeding cows milking more that 7,5 thousand kg of milk per lactation had service period of 132 days (P<0,01) and interim 407 days (P<0,01). Economical losses caused by prolonged interim during monitored herd of cattle reached 400.490 CZK in year of 2016.
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti stáda skotu v ZD Rodvínov
TLACHNOVÁ, Nikola
The research of indicators of the milk production and fertility was conducted in the cooperative farm Rodvínov possessing in total of 198 cows. All cows were bred in the same conditions in years of 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The choosing criteria for observed cows were at least second finished lactation. The cows of Czech fleckvieh, their crossbreeds and crossbreeds of Holstein cattle were divided into 7 groups by genotype (C50, C51-74, C75-87, C88-100, H51-74, R51-74, R45-49CM) and into 8 groups by number of lactations. The focus of the research was to discover and confirm the difference of genotype and number of lactation on milk production, milk components, the steadiness of milk production, the service period lenght, insemination interval, the age of first calving and calving interval. Variation were significant ( = 0,001; p < 0,001) between groups of genotype in the milk production, milk components (%) and production of milk components (kg). Differences in reproduction indicators were not significant. From the statistical perspective it is possible to confirm the cows with genotype C50H, H51-74, R51-74 genotype are better in the production of milk, fat and protein. The lowest production had showed cattle from the group of C88-100. Cows with genotype C51-74, C75-87, C88-100, R45-49CM had higher part of milk components than cows with genotype H51-74 and R51-74. First lactation cows had lowest milkproduction, highest production occurred in second lactation.The production of fat and protein was highly different in first lactation. The production of fat and protein was increased by the number of raised lactation. Statistically important difference of milk fattiness were discovered between first and second lactation. The amount of protein was rapidly decreasing till the end of third lactation.
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