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Vliv přídavku quercetinu na výskyt kokcidií u králíků
Dvořáčková, Nikola
This thesis investigated the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on the coccidiosis oocyst counts in rabbits. At the same time, it also investigated the impact on weight, daily gains, feed conversation ratio, daily and total consumption, and biochemical blood parameters. The experiment lasted a total of 116 days. Two groups of six piece weaned rabbits each of the Japanese rabbit breed were created. The age of the rabbits was 35–149 days in the experimental group and 31–145 days in the control group. The average weight of rabbits at the beginning of the experiment was 267 g, and at the end, it was 2288 g. A special feed mixture containing 1.9% quercetin was prepa-red for the experimental group. The mixture was added in the amounts of 1, 2, and 4 g per day, depending on their equal weight. The addition of 0.01 – 0.04 g/rabbit/day of the flavonoid quercetin did not have a negative effect on the health status, performance parameters, and biochemical para-meters of the blood. The experimental group had a lower average number of oocysts (EPG) than the control group (quercetin = 328, control = 640). There was a statisti-cally significant effect of quercetin on the number of coccidia oocysts (P < 0.05), pro-bably through its antioxidant effect, supporting immune reactions, and thereby main-taining a healthy intestinal environment. Quercetin can be a potential substance for the prevention of coccidiosis.
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Kokcidie ptáků Galapág
KORDÍKOVÁ, Lucie
This study investigates coccidian parasites of the genera Eimeria and Isospora in faecal samples of birds from the Galapagos Islands. The study determines prevalence of coccidia on individual islands and bird species. Description of recorded coccidian parasites is based on morphological features of their oocysts as well as on phylogenetic relationships.
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Střevní paraziti ptáků na Svalbardu
ŽÁNOVÁ, Veronika
The study aimed to obtain essential knowledge about the distribution of intestinal parasites of birds occurring in Svalbard. Noninvasive coprological techniques were used to detect coccidian, cryptosporidian and microspordian parasites. The research included field collection of faecal samples and laboratory examination by microscopic and molecular methods.
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\kur{Apodemus} vs. \kur{Eimeria}: Evolutionary factors of speciation and genomic diversification in host-parasite system
MÁCOVÁ, Anna
This thesis discusses and explains phylogenetic patterns observed in two different organisms: Eimeria, an unicellular parasite, and Apodemus, a rodent that often serves as a host for this parasitic species. The situation in rodents is intuitive, clearly reflecting their biogeographic history. Phylogenetic pattern in A. agrarius corresponds with its spread from the core locality of its distribution eastward. The lack of the genetic variability in European populations hints the recent origin of this population with the low number of founders. The phylogeny of A. flavicollis, a rodent inhabiting almost the whole Europe, reflects the situation during the last glacial maximum (i.e. speciation in several subpopulations that did not interbreed, but retained their independent nature). The situation in Eimeria is more complex. Parasites always fight in "arm races", trying to accommodate to their hosts as best they can, and to avoid their defense. This results in coevolutionary events such as cospeciation, host switches, duplications, and other events that form the genetic variability in parasites. The study of evolutionary relationships in Eimeria may be difficult due to lack or morphological and/or relevant molecular data. This thesis adds more information to this view. Several other studies were also included in this thesis to provide a broader picture of the complexity of host-parasite systems.
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Isosporan oocysts in the faeces of bank voles (Myodes glareolus; Arvicolinae, Rodentia): real parasites, or pseudoparasites?
TREFANCOVÁ, Aneta
This study concerns clarification of the origin of infections of arvicoline rodents with Isospora spp. based on three different approaches: phylogenetic analyses of three genes (18S rRNA, COI and COIII), morphological and morphometrical analyses, and experimental infection. Field collections, parasitological examinations of samples, microscopy, DNA extraction, PCR, and computational analyses were employed during the course of this study.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of chickens
PAZDERKOVÁ, Lenka
Taking preventive measures has a major impact on the overall health status of poultry in every breeding and it can prevent considerable economic losses in this way. The aim of this study was to obtain basic knowledge about the occurence of coccidia oocysts in the faeces and the occurrence of pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens after the use of selected feed supplements. Experiment was made during winter 2013 and summer 2014 with 250 specimens of one-day broiler chickens. Four experimental groups (prebiotics, probiotics, homeopathy, coccidiostats) and one control group were created. Treated groups were administered by Selected feed supplements were served to chickens during 14 days since the sixth day of their life. Mixed faeces samples were collected twice a week and processed in the laboratory. Also the frequency of coccidia oocysts was monitored under the light microscope. Intestines were collected during the slaughters of chickens (five pieces from every group) and tested to confirm or disprove pathological changes associated with coccidiosis of poultry. Intestines were collected three times after seven days. The Reduced frequency of occurrence of coccidia oocysts in faeces of chickens in all groups of the winter and the summer trial period was demonstrated, while pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa were not proved.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of pheasant
ŠÍP, Pavel
The occurrence of coccidiosis is an enormous problem of pheasant farming. The aim of this study is to show, that this disease can be cured by unconventional dietary supplements. Dietary supplements which were used in this study were as follows: prebiotics (Biopolym), probiotics (Lactovita containing bacteria Lactobacillus sporogenes) and homeopathics. The experiment took place in the Ranč Daniela farm in the town Hůrka (close to the Horní Planá Town) from 1.7.2012 to 18.11.2012. Four groups of pheasants were made - three experimental groups and one control group. All groups were consisted of 13 individuals. The pheasant Phasianus colchicus was used in this experiment. Dietary supplements were served for two weeks, than the serving stopped for two weeks and continued again. The samples of excrements were tested all the study long using the floatation method in Sheather's sugar solution. The results were marked and evaluated. The favourable effect of Biopolym and homeopatics on the intestinal tract of pheasant was significant.
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Influence of selected feeding supplements on the occurrence of coccidias in digestive tract of hens
PAZDERKOVÁ, Lenka
Poultry farming represents 30 % of meat production worldwide. The occurrence of animal parasites is an enormous problem of poultry farming. This problem is recorded from factory farming as well as from small farming and causes financial losses. The aim of this study was to gain basic data about the occurrence of coccidia oocysts in the excrements of carrier hens. Carrier hens were fed by dietary supplements which were supposed to have influence on native gut microflora composition. This experiment was conducted on 26 individuals of carrier type hens. It was created the experimental and control group (one group consisted of 13 individuals). The experimental group was prebiotics (Biopolym), probiotics (Lactovita) and homeopathic served 14 days in and between each preparation was 14 days interval. The samples of excrements were tested in a laboratory once a week. The decrease of frequency of coccidian oocysts occurrence in the excrements in the experimental and control group was not proved.
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