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Options of Units of Radiation and Chemical Reconnaissance of Czech Republic Army in case of Radiological and Chemical Accidents.
NIMANSKÝ, Jiří
In emergencies of radiological or chemical nature Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic is responsible for protecting the population, which is an essential component of the Integrated Rescue System . Its forces and resources are not inexhaustible, which would occur mainly during emergencies at nuclear power plants. The role of the army starts exactly in these cases, which would here, outside the tasks, strengthen the Police of the Czech Republic, engage in activities associated with radiological survey or decontamination. To answer this question, a simple analysis is conducted in this thesis and comparison of the technical equipment and material of individual protection of chemical services in Fire Rescue System (FRS) and URCR of ACR. The theoretical part is focused on the legislative framework of recalling the Army during an extraordinary crisis situation, the non-military use of the army for rescue operations and liquidations, recalling the Army to carry out the tasks of the Police in the Czech Republic in radiation breakdowns and in principles of coordination between the IRS services. The following chapter deals with a catalog of typical activities for joint intervention, which are a part of the required documentation of IRS. Three types of activities are chosen, where you can find specific cases of coordination units FRS of the Czech Republic and ACR. Another part of the thesis according to the research question focused on the use of units of radiation and chemical reconnaissance ACR to support the basic components of IRS in case of a radiation accident, radiation breakdown or accidental release of hazardous materials. Methodology of work is a comparison of basic equipment and technology of chemical services of Fire Rescue teams and radiation and chemical reconnaissance ACR. These widely used devices were chosen based on queries by chemical specialists FRS and ACR. The research question is divided into three parts. The first part compares individual means of protection and there is a basic division of filters. There are selected the two most commonly used protective masks, simple filtering clothing and two gas-tight clothing. The second part compares means for detecting radioactive contamination and there is a detailed description of the most common forms of personal dosimeters . In the third part, we describe the chemical detectors, the type of chemical papers, chemical detector CHP - 71 and its successor modernized CHP- 05. The method of comparison is only one possible way to achieve the objective of the research questions. Thanks to this method, this thesis was developed, the conclusions of which are summarized below. In the area of means of individual protection the results are clear. Protective masks, filter and gas-tight clothing of ACR, can be used in certain cases in case of a radiological or chemical accident . They are comparable with the equipment of chemists of FRS, in terms of used material, connections and air filters in protective masks. Restrictions emerges from the construction of protective clothing OPCH 05. In comparison to the protective clothing Dräger 7900, we must mount air device outside of the suit, and this must be taken into consideration in any decontamination hitting people. Already from the choice and a basic description of dosimetry means of ACR teams is clear that they are primarily designed for combat use of radioactive substances in case of war. Quite evident with dosimetric instruments and personal dosimeters manufactured before 1990. Here are the current needs or the needs of the deployment of emergency at nuclear power plants compliant with measuring ranges already obsolete units.
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